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biogas HANDBOOK Figure 1.3 A: Concentration of odours (smelling volatile fatty acids) in untreated slurry and in digested slurry B: Odour concentration in air samples collected above the fields, after application of untreated slurry and digested slurry (HANSEN et al. 2004) 1.2.6 Veterinarysafety Application of digestate as fertiliser, compared to application of untreated manure and slurries, improves veterinary safety. In order to be suitable for use as fertiliser, digestate is submitted to a controlled sanitation process. Depending of the type of feedstock involved, sanitation can be provided by the AD process itself, through a minimum guaranteed retention time of the substrate inside the digester, at thermophilic temperature, or it can be done in a separate process step, by pasteurisation or by pressure sterilisation. In all cases, the aim of sanitation is to inactivate pathogens, weed seeds and other biological hazards and to prevent disease transmission through digestate application. 2 Biogas from AD - state of art and potential 2.1 ADstateofartanddevelopmenttrends The world markets for biogas increased considerably during the last years and many countries developed modern biogas technologies and competitive national biogas markets throughout decades of intensive RD&D complemented by substantial governmental and public support. The European biogas sector counts thousands of biogas installations, and countries like Germany, Austria, Denmark and Sweden are among the technical forerunners, with the largest number of modern biogas plants. Important numbers of biogas installations are operating also in other parts of the world. In China, it is estimated that up to 18 million rural household biogas digesters were operating in 2006, and the total Chinese biogas potential is estimated to be of 145 billion cubic meters while in India approximately 5 million small-scale biogas plants are currently in operation. Other countries like Nepal and Vietnam have also considerable numbers of very small scale, family owned biogas installations. Most biogas plants in Asia are using simple technologies, and are therefore easy to design and reproduce. On the other side of the Atlantic, USA, Canada and many Latin American 14PDF Image | biogas HANDBOOK
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