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International Letters of Natural Sciences Vol. 9 11 Removal of water will also remove a portion of the H2S (Wellinger and Lindberg, 2001). The gas pressure requirements of a heat boiler are 0.80 to 2.50 kPa (0.12 to 0.36 psi). Digester-produced pressures are large enough for this demand. Heat boilers are 80 to 90 % thermally efficient (Bitir et al, 2002). For example, consider a storage which contains 100 m3 of biogas with a methane content of 65 %. Since pure methane has a theoretical heat value of approximately 10 kWh/ m3, (approx 1000 BTU/ft3) the heat value of 100 m3 of biogas is 650 kWh. If the boiler is 80 % efficient, approximately 520 kWh are available for use. 4. 4. Internal Combustion Engines The use of internal combustion (IC) engines with biogas is long established and reliable (Wellinger and Lindberg, 2001). IC engines are sub-divided into two categories: compression engines, and spark ignition engines. Both types of engine may be converted to run on the biogas produced by anaerobic digesters. Biogas operation of compression engines is known as “dual fuel” operation because a small amount of diesel fuel is combined with the gas for ignition purposes. Spark ignition engines are operated on a mixture of biogas and air, as ignition is caused by a spark p lug. Figure 6. Application of biogas in internal combustion engine. 5. CONCLUSION The energetic use of biogas causes different environmental and economical impacts depending on which system is used. The electricity generation using biogas in landfills fulfills the electricity requirements of the plant and a surplus of energy can be delivered to the grid. In the agricultural sector the biogas produced, mainly in anaerobic digestors feed by manure residues, can provide energy surplus to, depending on the number of animals and the technology used to treat their residues.PDF Image | Biogas as Resources of Energy
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