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International Letters of Natural Sciences Vol. 9 9 90 °C (Anon, 2005). Most stationary PEM fuel cells will have a capacity under 10 kW (NSTAR, 2005). A PEM fuel cell has become the first fuel cell to generate electricity from agricultural biogas. The 5 kW unit is being run intermittently by researchers from the University of Minnesota on a dairy farm (Anon, 2005). Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) – Both of these fuel cells operate at very high temperatures. MCFC operate between 600 and 700 °C, while SOFC function between 650 and 1000 °C. This high operating temperature translates into high quality exhaust heat, but also a slower start-up time. MCFC range in size from 250 kW to 3 MW units. SOFC are being developed in the 5 kW to multi-megawatt range. The “Fuel to Electricity” efficiencies of both MCFC and SOFC approach 60 % (Anon, 2005). Biogas intended for use in a fuel cell must first be purified. The catalysts of fuel cells cannot tolerate hydrogen sulfide (Minott et al., 2004). Levels higher than 0.5 to 1.0 ppm are unacceptable for a high temperature fuel cell generator. Water vapour and carbon dioxide are considered fuel diluents. The purified biogas would not need to be further compressed. Methane can be used in the range of 1 to 3.5 kPa (0.14 to 0.5 psi) for a phosphoric acid fuel cell. Since fuel cells are an emerging technology, their maintenance is likely to be time- consuming and expensive. Figure 4. Fuel cell set up.PDF Image | Biogas as Resources of Energy
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