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International Letters of Natural Sciences Vol. 9 7 4. APPLICATION OF BIOGAS There are many uses for the gas produced by anaerobic digestion. Biogas can be substituted for any application designed for natural gas. A boiler will convert the methane to heat. Micro-turbines, gas turbines, internal combustion engines and fuel cells convert biogas into both electricity and heat. A gas flare is used to dispose of gas when levels are too low to warrant a heat or electricity generation system. 4. 1. Microturbine Microturbines are based on the principles of large gas turbines. They include an improvement that contributes to an improved electrical efficiency - a heat exchanger attached to the exhaust. The recovered thermal energy pre-heats the inlet air, which is mixed with biogas. The air/gas mixture is burned and allowed to expand through a turbine section to perform work. A gearbox and other moving parts are replaced by inverter-based electronics allowing the turbine to be operated at high speeds. The shaft can rotate as fast as 96,000 rpm. The exhaust gas is directed to the heat exchanger and then can be piped to a second heat recovery unit for further heat recovery. Biogas must be compressed to approximately 585 kPa (85 psi) before use in a microturbine (Wiltsee and Emerson, 2004). The flow diagram of microturbine is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3. Micro-gas-turbine for electricity generation. The compressor may be included as a component of the microturbine system or may be run independently. Hydrogen sulfide does not need to be removed from the biogas. There are models of microturbines that are able to handle H2S levels as high as 7 %, much higher thanPDF Image | Biogas as Resources of Energy
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