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Liquid Biofuels Environmental benefits from biofuels Biofuels are liquid or gas fuels, produced from biomass through thermal/chemical processes. Biomass denotes organic materials that are part of a short carbon cycle. Biofuels can be considered “climate neutral” because the CO2 balance shows that carbon dioxide (CO2) released during combustion is absorbed from the air by crops for their growth through the photosynthesis process. No net CO2 emissions are released to the air besides production and transport of biomass and biofuels (if not done with biofuels). Liquid biofuel production Biomass can be transformed into a biofuel by means of a biochemical process, involving anaerobic digestion or alcohol fermentation, or a thermochemical process, involving carbonization, gasification or pyrolysis. The biofuels that have gained commercial potential are biodiesel and bioethanol. Other liquid biofuels under research are biomethanol, dimethylether, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, pyrolisis oil and Hydro Thermal Upgrading oil. Main conversion processes are: • Extraction of vegetable oils from oil crops (in Europe mainly from rapeseed), followed by esterification to produce biodiesel; • Fermentation of sugar rich crops, such as food crops (corn, wheat, beet, sweet sorghum and barley) and the newly experimented woody biomass, followed by distillation to produce bioethanol; • Pyrolisis of wood obtaining pyrolisis oil (diesel equivalent); • Hydro Thermal Upgrading (HTU) of wet biomass obtaining HTU oil (diesel equivalent); • Gasification of biomass using synthesis gas to produce biomethanol, DME and Fischer-Tropsch diesel. Fig. 8: Carbon Cycle Biofuel-burning Microturbine -7-PDF Image | Biofuel-burning Microturbine Opportunities for Biofuel-burning Microturbines in the European Decentralised-generation Market (BIOTURBINE)
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