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Anaerobic Digestion of farm and food processing residues GoodPractice Guidelines Page22 Handling feedstock Farmers are likely to be aware of the dangers of disease from farm residues, although lorry drivers and other workers may need special training to avoid health risks to themselves as well as the risk of spreading infection to other sites. The main health and safety risks are: • Pathogenic micro-organisms • Parasites • Fumes and inhalation of slurry gases. These dangers can be reduced by taking precautions including: • Using known and reliable sources of feedstock. • Analysing feedstock and careful quality control. • Monitoring and screening for disease in the animals creating the feedstock. Products of AD The AD process creates biogas, fibre and liquor. In order for a scheme is to be financially viable overall, markets and/or uses for all AD products need to be developed and balanced. Consistency of supply, and of quality, as well as increasing public knowledge of the environmental advantages of AD products, will influence the growth and development of markets. The balance of the different products from AD is shown in Figure 4. Biogas The biogas produced in the digester is primarily composed of methane (approximately 60%) and carbon dioxide (approximately 40%), with traces of hydrogen sulphide and ammonia. The quality of the feedstock used in the digester will determine how much gas is produced and its constituents. Cleaning the gas The biogas produced through the AD process usually needs to be cleaned to varying degrees as soon as possible after generation for two main reasons: • The gas is corrosive and may damage engines. • For health and safety reasons (see Construction and operations section for the health and safety implications of biogas); a risk assessment may • Personal hygiene ie washing people, clothes and vehicles; it is also recommended that work clothing is left at the CAD site. All material going in or out of a CAD scheme will need strict controls to avoid pathogen transfer including: • Being able to isolate the site. • Vehicle wheel washing is likely to be compulsory at CAD plants and desirable for farms, to avoid cross- infection. Disposal of contaminated wash water needs to be considered. • Liquid leaving the site needs to be carefully contained; fibre must be exported in covered lorries. Figure 4. Anaerobic digestion mass balance be needed.PDF Image | Anaerobic Digestion Of farm and food Processing residues The development of a sustainable industry
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