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Anaerobic Digestion of farm and food processing residues GoodPractice Guidelines Page20 Storage of feedstock CAD plants will require access to up to several hundred tonnes of feedstock at any time, so extensive storage facilities are likely to be needed to ensure continuity of supply over weekends (when traffic movements may be controlled) and holidays. Ten days is likely to be the maximum storage period for a CAD plant as, in general, feedstock should be used as soon as possible. Feedstock providers may be required to take the liquor back, which will also have storage implications. The storage of farm slurry is covered by the Control of Pollution (Silage, Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil) Regulations 1991, which specify minimum standards relating to the design, construction and operation of any farm slurry storage system. The regulations require the store to be big enough to hold at least four months slurry production unless a safe year-round disposal system is ‘approved’ by the Environment Agency. The production of a Farm Waste Management Plan which includes details on feedstock storage, digester operation and liquor spreading (including locations, rates and times of year) would normally be considered an acceptable alternative to the four month rule. Further information is available from the local Environment Agency office. Feedstock may be stored near the digester or elsewhere, although the need to minimise transport movements will affect the decision on siting storage. Feedstock needs appropriate storage facilities which must be planned in accordance with environmental, health and safety issues and regulations. It may be necessary to balance the planning requirements (such as for feedstock to be stored in a totally enclosed space with tank covers to reduce the escape of odour), with health and safety regulations (that substances are controlled so that there is no exposure to substances hazardous to health). Methane continues to be produced from the digestate in storage. Up to 15% of usable gas, from the total that can be obtained from the feedstock, can be recovered from slurry storage tanks. It is possible to extract the gas given off the stored feedstock, and then flare it or draw it into the combustion chambers of an engine. Transport of feedstock Transport movements at on-farm digesters are not likely to have greater impact than normal farm activities. However, CAD plants will draw traffic to their central location as feedstock is delivered and products are distributed. The impact of these transport movements needs to be minimised through logistics and use of alternative methods of transport (such as rail), as well as careful design of the location of storage tanks so that distances travelled are minimised between the production of the feedstock, the storage tanks and the digester. The potential for pumping (suitable for pig slurry) should be investigated for cost and environmental reasons, including reducing emissions and reducing the need for transport. Where vehicles are moving onto and around a site, it will be important to have a system to control risks, with turning areas, one-way systems, pedestrian walkways, barriers and so on. Other issues in transporting feedstock are likely to include those outlined below. Planning restrictions The conditions of any planning permission may restrict deliveries to a CAD plant. These restrictions may result in some farmers having to store the feedstock on their farms. There may also be other planning conditions or obligations (agreements): • Data and monitoring on the frequency of lorry movements may be required. • An assessment of the suitability of certain roads for this traffic is likely to be needed. CAD developers should be encouraged to site plants in areas already served by appropriate infrastructure such as industrial estates, which may also have the benefit of being away from residential areas, in order to avoid the need to upgrade roads, with all the cost and environmental impacts that would create. Where roads are not considered suitable, the developer of the CAD plant may be expected to contribute to the costs of upgrading them.PDF Image | Anaerobic Digestion Of farm and food Processing residues The development of a sustainable industry
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