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EM Feature Figure 2. Capstone MicroTurbine generators have just one moving part and use no oil, lubricants, coolants, or other fluids. Resource Preservation In regions like the Southwest, where water usage is an im- portant concern, microturbines could prove to be even more valuable, since microturbine power systems do not require the use of water. A combined-cycle 500-MW utility power plant, in contrast, typically consumes up to 300,000 gallons of water per day. Microturbines are also successful in resource recovery applications. For example, they can directly trans- form harmful waste gases emitted from oil and gas explora- tion sites, as well as renewable biogases from landfills, wastewater treatment plants, and livestock/agricultural anaerobic digesters, into usable electricity. The advantages are clear, bearing in mind that waste gases are usually collected and flared off into the atmosphere. This partial combustion process releases enormous amounts of unburned methane, a greenhouse gas (GHG) that is 20 to 60 times more damaging than carbon dioxide (CO2),5 into the atmosphere. APPLICATIONS The following applications best illustrate the environmental benefits of microturbine technology, which include resource recovery, hybrid electric vehicles, and micro-cogeneration. Resource Recovery According to the Energy Information Administration,6 GHG emissions amount to more than 28 million metric tons per year in the United States.5 Microturbines can use these “prob- lem” methane gases as renewable fuel. Flared gases often have low-energy yields or high contents of corrosive “sour” (hydrogen sulfide, or H2S) gas, making them an infeasible fuel source for conventional generators. Microturbines, on the other hand, have no problem operating exclusively on low-energy gases—as low as 350 Btu/scf—and are impervious to H2S content up to 7%. Capstone also offers a simple-cycle microturbine for specific applications where it is advanta- geous to consume up to twice the amount of waste gas per kilowatt generated. A core component of a system implemented for landfill gas resource recovery is a treatment system that removes moist- ure, solids, and siloxanes (a component of degrading tooth- paste that creates gummy or crystalline residue in any combustion device) from the gas stream. The resultant mix- ture of a dozen or more noxious and toxic gases can then be compressed and injected directly into the microturbine, where the gases and odor are destroyed. Because microturbine sys- tems are typically small and modular, incremental additions or reductions to generating capacity can be easily accommo- dated and microturbines can simply be moved to another location if necessary. An example application is the deployment of 50 biogas- fueled microturbines at a closed landfill in Los Angeles County. The project was initiated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP), as part of a cooperative agreement with SCAQMD, in which LADWP is installing more than 100 Capstone MicroTurbines within its service territory. In 2001, the installation was cited as one of the leadership actions that won the LADWP the Renewable Company of the Year Award at the Financial Times Global Energy Awards (the “Academy Awards” of the international energy industry). The site is ex- pected to eliminate more than 20,000 pounds of NOx emis- sions each year, while at the same time generating enough power to meet the needs of approximately 1500 homes (see Figure 3). Microturbines can also be used in oil and gas recovery applications. With the ability to convert unprocessed casing gas that contains up to 7% corrosive H2S gas, microturbines can eliminate the need for flaring. At the same time, their power Figure 3. Capstone MicroTurbines generate 1.5 MW of power from waste gas at this Los Angeles landfill, enough to serve 1500 homes. 32 EM January 2003PDF Image | Microturbine Tech Alt Power Solution
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