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Table B-1. Displaced Emission Rates For the NY ISO (2002) Ozone season weekday a Ozone season night/weekend b Non-ozone season weekday c Non-ozone season night/weekend d NOx (lb/kWhe) 0.0021 0.0028 0.0021 0.0028 SRI/USEPA-GHG-VR-27 September 2003 CO2 (lb/kWhe) 1.37 1.67 1.46 1.61 a Average of all hourly marginal emission rates during weekdays, May through September, 7:00 am through 10:59 pm b Average of all hourly marginal emission rates during all nights, May through September, 11:00 pm through 6:59 am, and all weekend days during this period c Average of all hourly marginal emission rates during weekdays, October through April, 7:00 am through 10:59 pm d Average of all hourly marginal emission rates during all nights, October through April, 11:00 pm through 6:59 am, and all weekend days during this period PROSYM is a chronological, multi-area electricity market simulation model that is often used to forecast electricity market prices, analyze market power, quantify production cost and fuel requirements, and estimate air emissions. It simulates system operation on an hourly basis by dispatching generating units each hour to meet load. The simulation is based on unit-specific information on the generating units in multiple interconnection areas (unit type and size, fuel type, heat-rate curve, emission and outage rates, and operating limitations) and on detailed data on power flows and transmission constraints within and between ISOs. Actual constraints on system operation (such as unit-ramp times and minimum up and down times) are taken into account because the simulation is done in chronological order. The resulting emission rates in one control region take into account emission changes in neighboring regions. PROSYM has been used by many organizations, including the EPA and Department of Justice, to pursue New Source Review violations and by DOE, numerous utility companies, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), and the Powering the South organization to simulate the electric power system in the Southern U.S. OTC generated the displaced emission rates for the Northeast control areas by first performing a “base case” model run simulating plant dispatch across all three control areas for the year. OTC then performed three “decrement” model runs. In one decrement run, all hourly loads in PJM were reduced by 1 percent; loads in ISO NE and NY ISO were not reduced. In another decrement run, loads in ISO NE were reduced by 1 percent and in the third, NY ISO loads were reduced. The total difference in kWhs generated between the base case and decrement case and the total difference in emissions was calculated and the emissions were divided by kWhs to derive the marginal emission rate for the time period OTC calculated marginal emission rates for different periods. Marginal rates shown in Table B-1 takes into account changes in generation in all areas resulting from the load reductions in the target DG-CHP use area. This includes analysis of emissions changes across six interconnected control areas: PJM, NY ISO, ISO NE, Canada’s Maritime Provinces, Ontario, and Quebec. B-3PDF Image | Environmental Technology Verification Report
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