PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 081
SRI/USEPA-GHG-VR-27 September 2003 • Displaced emissions are also estimated using statistical techniques based on historical data. This approach seeks to forecast how displaced emissions arise from observed changes in electricity demand/supply instead of identifying the average or marginal emission rate of particular units. This approach requires statistical modeling, and data such as regional generation, emissions, and electricity demand. Its primary limitation is that actual site-specific and electricity control area specific data must be available. EPA has been developing a newer approach that utilizes region/time specific parameters to represent average displaced emission rate (ADER). The ADER methodology accounts for the complexities of electricity markets in assessing how displaced emissions result from changes in electric demand or supply and produces regional, national, short-term, and long-term estimates of displaced emissions of CO2, NOX, SO2, and mercury (Hg) from electric generation. The results of the ADER analysis are not yet available; as such, the GHG Center is unable to apply this methodology for this verification. However, at the suggestion of the EPA project officer leading this effort, a similar approach developed by the Ozone Transport Commission (OTC), has been adopted for this verification to estimate displaced emissions and is described below. OTC is a multi-state organization focused on developing regional solutions to the ground-level ozone problem in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. with special emphasis on the regional transport of ground-level ozone and other related pollutants. OTC was created by Congress in 1990 and consists of the jurisdictions within Connecticut, Delaware, D.C., Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia. OTC has recently developed an Emission Reduction Workbook (workbook) to provide a method of assessing the emissions impacts of a range of energy policies affecting the electric industry [9]. The geographic focus of the workbook is the three northeastern electricity control areas: Pennsylvania/New Jersey/Maryland (PJM), the New York Independent System Operator (NY ISO), and Independent System Operator of New England (ISO NE). The three energy programs evaluated by the workbook are programs that (1) displace generation (e.g., DG-CHP systems), (2) alter the average emission rate of the electricity used in a state or region (e.g., emissions performance standard), and (3) reduce emission rates of specific generating units (e.g., multi- pollutant regulations applied to existing generating units). The Workbook contains default displaced emission rates for the three northeastern control areas to evaluate these programs. The default displaced emission rates are divided into three time periods: near-term (2002-2005), medium-term (2006-2010), and long-term (2011-2020). The short-term default emission rates for the NY ISO control area have been used to represent the ERGrid variable shown in Equation 8 for this verification. The near-term rates for the NY ISO are summarized in Table B-1. These rates were compiled using the PROSYM electricity dispatch model and are reported to be representative of actual operations because the identity of generating units that constitute each regional power system are known with a relatively high level of certainty. B-2PDF Image | Environmental Technology Verification Report
PDF Search Title:
Environmental Technology Verification ReportOriginal File Name Searched:
Capstone-ETV-Report.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Capstone Turbine and Microturbine: Capstone microturbines used and new surplus for sale listing More Info
Consulting and Strategy Services: Need help with Capstone Turbine, sizing systems, applications, or renewable energy strategy, we are here to assist More Info
Container Lumber Dry Kiln: Since 1991 developing and innovating dry kilns using standard shipping containers More Info
Supercritical CO2 Lumber Dry Kiln: Compact fast drying in 3 days or less for small amounts of wood and lumber drying More Info
BitCoin Mining: Bitcoin Mining and Cryptocurrency... More Info
Publications: Capstone Turbine publications for microturbine and distributed energy More Info
FileMaker Software for Renewable Energy Developing database software for the renewable energy industry More Info
CO2 Gas to Liquids On-Demand Production Cart Developing a supercritical CO2 to alcohol on-demand production system (via Nafion reverse fuel cell) More Info
Stranded Gas for low cost power Bitcoin Mining Using stranded gas for generators may provide breakthrough low power costs for cryptocurrency miners. More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@globalmicroturbine.com (Standard Web Page)