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where: EGrid = kWhe,Grid *1.078*ERGrid SRI/USEPA-GHG-VR-27 September 2003 (Eqn. 6) EGrid kWhe,Grid 1.078 ERGrid = grid emissions (lb/yr) = electricity supplied by the grid (kWh) = transmission and distribution system line losses (%) = NY ISO-displaced emission rate (lb/kWhe) The kWhe,Grid variable shown above represents the estimated electricity supplied by the utility grid under either the baseline or CHP scenario. These values are increased by a factor of 1.078 to account for line losses between central power stations and the end user. Defining the grid emission rate (ERGrid) is complex and the methodol for estimating this parameter is continuously evolving. The discussion presented in Appendix B-1 provides a brief background on the concept of displaced emissions and presents the strategy employed by the GHG Center to assign ERGrid for this verification. Step 4 - Emissions Estimate For the Gas Burners Combustion of the carbon in natural gas will form CO2. The resulting CO2 emission rate for each of the Munters' gas burners is then calculated as follows: ERBurnerCO2 = 44*(CC)*(FO)* 3412.1 * 1 (Eqn.7) where: ERBurnerCO2 44 12 CC FO 3412.1 1,000,000 Eff Burner combustion = 1 kWth/Btu = 1 106Btu/Btu = Combustion efficiency of gas burners (69.5% for the space heating coil, 95% for the desiccant regeneration burner) 12 1,000,000 ( EffBurner / 100 ) = burner CO2 emission rate (lb/kWhth) = molecular weight of CO2 (lb/lb-mol) = molecular weight of carbon (lb/lb-mol) = measured fuel carbon content (35.04 lb/106Btu) = 0.995; fraction of natural gas carbon content oxidized during The carbon content of natural gas sampled at the test site by the GHG Center is used to determine the CO2 emission rates for the space heating and regeneration burners. These values are 0.628 and 0.459 lb/kWhth, respectively. These emission rates assume that the burner efficiency is the same at all heat output levels; that is, the units are not derated for part-load operating conditions. Efficiency profiles at various heat output levels were not available for this unit to allow such corrections to be made. NOX emission factors for gas-fired burners were obtained from AP-42 [13]. Burners such as those used in the Munters unit are categorized as similar to commercial boilers under 100 106Btu/hr heat input. The NOX emission factor for such units is listed as 100 lb/106 scf of natural gas. The average measured LHV for the natural gas used at the host facility was approximately 903 Btu/scf. This means that 106 scf of natural gas will supply approximately 903 106Btu of heat to the burners. The resulting NOX emission rate is expected to be approximately 100/903, or 0.1107 lb/106Btu (or 0.000378 lb/kWh). 1-17PDF Image | Environmental Technology Verification Report
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