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Chapter 2 Evaluation of Combined Heat and Power Technologies for Wastewater Treatment Facilities 2.5 Steam Turbines Steam turbines are among the oldest and most common of all large prime movers, especially for generating electricity. 2.5.1 Description Steam turbines represent a distinct CHP technology that relies on thermal energy to produce mechanical and/or electrical power. While steam turbines do not directly convert fuel to power, the thermal power upon which they operate is derived from other fuel combustion equipment, typically steam boilers. Steam turbines consist of a series of ever-expanding blades attached to a rotating drive shaft driven by expanding pressurized steam. Steam turbines are simple, reliable and typically require little maintenance. Steam boilers also represent well-proven machinery, long used at POTWs. Few POTWs in the United States have sufficient capacity to produce digester gas in adequate quantities to fuel this type of system. In fact, the authors are only aware of one POTW in the United States currently operating a boiler/steam turbine CHP system. Figure 2-9. New Steam Turbine at the Joint Water Pollution Control Plant, Carson, CA Steam turbines are available as single-stage or multi-stage machines and in condensing or backpressure arrangements. In smaller sizes, below 10,000 kW and with industrial pressure steam (100 to 400 psig), the steam turbine and boiler arrangement is less efficient for electric power generation than other alternative technologies. One challenge to operating these systems at POTWs is that boilers operating at steam pressures greater than 15 psig fall under the classification of power boilers and therefore require continuous, around the clock staffing by a licensed operator. This extra staffing requirement and the low operating 2-17PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power Technologies for Wastewater Facilities
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