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Behavior of Capstone and Honeywell Microturbine Generators During Load Changes compared to 50 seconds when the unit was in grid-parallel mode). This mode of operation made the MTG very forgiving when load changes were introduced. By contrast, the Honeywell MTG ran its turbine at full speed and counted on quick changes in fuel supply to adjust power output. This mode of operation made the MTG very sensitive to fast load changes, especially when it was operating at higher power levels. Some fast storage would make this MTG less sensitive to load changes. During the Capstone tests, even with an imbalance of eight percent in one of the load phases, there was little change in the balance of the three-phase voltages. For the Honeywell tests, there was a consistent five-volt unbalance in the three-phase voltages at the load banks. Phase C voltage was always higher than the other two. Load imbalance caused by the load banks does not seem to affect output voltage levels. Measurements at the output terminals of the MTG (275 VAC delta line-to-line) showed balanced line-to-line voltages at all load values. Line currents were unbalanced at most loads with the greatest imbalance at the highest load. At 70 kW and 40 kVAR, the line currents were 144 amps (phase A) and 166 amps (phase C). The DC bus voltage on the Capstone MTG varied between 745 and 785 VDC for the range of loads used in the testing. This was in contrast to what was observed during the grid-connect tests when the DC bus voltage remained essentially constant at 760 VDC. The Honeywell DC bus voltage generally varied from 528 to 630 volts during the load change tests. This voltage also varied while operating in grid-parallel mode, but by a smaller amount. During the stand-alone tests with both machines, there were neutral current values at the load banks. With the Capstone MTG, the current generally had an average value of two to 2.5 amps with a 10- to 13-second period oscillation with a peak-to-peak magnitude of zero to three volts. The Honeywell also had a current average of about two amps with an oscillation period of 25 seconds and a peak-to-peak magnitude ranging from zero to 0.5 amps. 6.3 Parallel Tests No unusual interactions were observed for either the Capstone–Capstone or Honeywell– Capstone MTG pairs operated with load banks. In each of these pairs of MTGs, one MTG was operated in stand-alone mode, establishing voltage and frequency as well as ramping with load changes. The second MTG was operated in grid-connect mode at a specific set point using the first MTG as the “grid.” The behavior of each MTG while in parallel mode was similar to the behavior of each when tested separately in either grid-connect or stand-alone mode. During the Capstone–Capstone tests, the MTG that was establishing the “grid” tripped, which caused the MTG operating in grid-connect mode to detect loss of the “grid” and immediately also trip. This is the appropriate behavior for a grid-connect device. The Capstone MTG, while operating as the “grid” in the Capstone–Capstone test, showed four- to seven- VAC voltage variations while load was ramped from minimum to maximum. There were also indications of voltage spikes and dips that were probably not captured completely by the one-second-interval data. Load imbalance did not seem to cause any noticeable voltage imbalance but did cause some neutral current to flow. During the tests in which the Honeywell MTG was operating as the “grid,” there was a consistent voltage imbalance at the load banks. 30PDF Image | Behavior of Capstone and Honeywell Microturbine Generators During Load Changes Consultant Report
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