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Behavior of Capstone and Honeywell Microturbine Generators During Load Changes does not appear to be the result of a load imbalance. There appears to be an inverter voltage imbalance, gas compressor load imbalance, or an imbalance induced by the transformer. Looking at the two remaining phases, we see that, with no load on the MTG, the voltage at the load bank runs about 282 VAC. At full load (66 kW and 51 kVAR at the load bank), the voltage is reduced to 273 VAC. This voltage swing is about nine volts or about three percent of the nominal voltage of 277 VAC. Voltage oscillates at all times by about one volt, peak to peak, with a period of seven to nine seconds. At zero load this oscillation increases in magnitude up to eight volts. To further investigate the voltage imbalance observed at the load banks, an additional set of measurements was taken at the output terminals of the MTG before power went through the delta/wye transformer (Appendix F). The Amprobe data logger is designed to take delta measurements using the two-wattmeter method and records three line-to-line voltages but only two line currents (phases A and C). There are also only total values -- no per-phase watt/VAR readings available -- in this mode. On the Honeywell MTG, the line-to-line voltage is supposed to be 275 VAC. Records from these tests indicate that the voltage stays in a fairly narrow range of 274 VAC to 277 VAC with only a slight reduction as load increases. However, the two line currents that were measured showed a substantial imbalance. At 70 kW and 40 kVAR, the line currents were 144 amps (phase A) and 166 amps (phase C). At lighter loads, the difference was smaller. In an attempt to determine whether the imbalance is a result of an imbalance in the load banks, the 24-kW load bank setting known to have an imbalance and another setting without an imbalance were tested. In the 24-kW position with an imbalance (phases A & B -- 8 kW; phase C -- 7 kW), the line currents were 49 A for phase A and 52 amps for phase C. When the balanced load of 24 kW was used, the differences in currents were actually greater with phase A amps at 48 and phase C amps at 54. This suggests that the imbalance observed in the voltages at the load bank was caused by something other than load imbalance. Neutral current is only present when there is an imbalance at the load bank. At full load, the neutral current increased to about two volts. It oscillated slowly -- a period of about 25 seconds. In stand-alone mode, the MTG is started and cooled down after shutdown using the internal battery connected to the DC bus to drive the generator as a motor. Graphs showing a shutdown are included in (Appendix E). 4.5 Observations/Conclusions Both microturbines were able to track the load bank requirements as long as load settings were maintained within the specifications for each MTG. 4.5.1 Capstone Based on the tests conducted, we highlight the following conclusions and observations: • Microturbine output responded immediately to changes in the load bank settings (faster than the one-second time resolution of the Amprobe measuring equipment). • The initial load change was supplied/absorbed by the onboard battery. The microturbine was ramped up/down as quickly as possible to the new load level. The ramp up rate was 22PDF Image | Behavior of Capstone and Honeywell Microturbine Generators During Load Changes Consultant Report
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