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Behavior of Capstone and Honeywell Microturbine Generators During Load Changes During steps up in the MTG real power output, turbine speed also ramped up smoothly to the new operating point. There were only small changes in turbine exit temperature (mostly decreases) and then temperature returned to the normal operating point. The DC bus voltage dropped and then recovered to a point between 760 and 785 degrees C. Changes both up and down in the VAR load at the load banks had only minor effects on turbine shaft speed and turbine exit temperature. There was also no discernable pattern to the changes in the DC bus voltage; its level fluctuated between 740 and 785 VDC. MTG power output drifted up as the VAR load was increased. This appears to be caused by losses in the inductive load banks and in the cabling. The microturbine’s internal monitoring indicated that all the load increase -- about 200 watts -- took place on A-phase while the other phases remained the same. At the load banks, the increase was about equal for all three phases. The change was about 400 watts for each phase for a total of about 1,200 watts. It is not clear what is led to this discrepancy in the observed values, but the Amprobe measurements appear to be more reliable. Observation of the voltage at the load banks during the tests showed a small sensitivity to real load level. The voltage decreased two to three VAC during changes from zero to full load. There was a larger change in load bank voltage during changes in reactive load. A drop of about five VAC was observed when a 16-kVAR load was placed on the MTG. This voltage regulation level showed a less than two percent deviation from the nominal voltage of 277 VAC. Neutral current level increased as real and reactive loads increased. Measured at the load bank, neutral current exhibited an oscillatory characteristic with a period of 10 to 13 seconds. At no load, the current stayed close to 2 A. When the load was at 24 kW and 18 kVAR, the neutral current ranged from 1.1 to 4 A. These numbers did not agree with the neutral current values reported by the MTG internal monitoring, which ranged in value from 0 to 1,200 amps. These values did not appear to be valid and were not used in this analysis. The 24-kW step on one of the load banks turned out to be unbalanced in load. The C phase was one kW lower than the other two phases. This is equivalent to about an eight percent unbalance in that phase as compared to the other phases. This introduced load imbalance on the MTG did not cause any noticeable voltage difference between the C phase and the other two phases. In the stand-alone mode, the MTG is started and cooled down after shutdown using the internal battery connected to the DC bus to drive the generator as a motor. Graphs showing a shutdown and hot restart are included in (Appendix D). 4.4.2 Honeywell Analysis of the graphs of the Honeywell Parallon 75 micro turbine (Appendix E) shows it is capable of responding to load changes as rapidly as the monitoring equipment could measure (one-second data sampling intervals). This unit runs the microturbine at full speed at all times while in stand-alone operation. Instead of using the battery to handle quick changes in load, Honeywell uses the high turbine rotational speed and fast fuel control to manage load changes. During most load changes, a shaft speed increase or decrease from 65,000 RPM was observed. 20PDF Image | Behavior of Capstone and Honeywell Microturbine Generators During Load Changes Consultant Report
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