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4 Vacuum Bagging Applications Boatbuilding is just one of the applications in which vacuum bag laminating can replace conventional clamping or fastening. Vacuum bagging is a practical clamping method for large scale and very small scale applications, from product manufacturing to backyard building and hobby projects. Wind turbine blades, furniture, musical instruments, race car components, and model boats are just a few of the applications of vacuum bagging. Natural and synthetic fibers are the most common materials used in composite construction. Wood and wood veneer represent the oldest and most widely used form of fiber in compos- ites. Layers of wood can be laminated to make structural panels or beams. They can be used as structural or decorative skins over other core materials or as core materials themselves. They can be augmented with natural or synthetic fibers for cross-grain reinforcement. Synthetic fibers such as fiberglass, carbon (graphite) and KevlarTM(aramid) in the form of fabrics are designed for composite construction. When used alone, in combination with other fibers or with core materials, synthetic fibers allow the builder to accurately tune the weight, strength and shape of the finished part to its intended function. Basic laminating in a female mold This section describes two specific vacuum bagging procedures. These examples of small lay-ups are intended to demonstrate the basic principles of vacuum bagging. Keep in mind that vacuum bagging materials, molds, equipment, and laminate schedules will vary from these procedures. In all cases, however, the same principles of vacuum bagging apply. If you are new to epoxy or vacuum bagging, we suggest laminating a small project to familiarize yourself with the equipment, and the sequence and timing of the procedures which are of- ten based on the handling characteristics and open time of the epoxy. Thorough preparation for the vacuum bagging process is essential. Be sure all equipment is working properly and that the vacuum pump is well lubricated (if it is the oil-lubricated type). Prepare a plastic covered work surface near the mold to wet out laminate materials. Rehearse all of the steps with your helpers, especially if they are unfamiliar with vacuum bagging. Ev- eryone coming in contact with the epoxy should wear the proper protective clothing. Gloves should be worn until all of the laminates are in the mold. Establish the maximum working time available, based on the resin/hardener you will be us- ing and the ambient temperature. Be sure all of the steps (excluding gelcoat application) can be completed within the working time. Refer to WEST SYSTEM product literature for cure time information. 4.1.1 Laminating a masthead float half The laminate in this example is half of a pivoting masthead float designed for a small cata- maran. The teardrop-shaped float has a circular cross section. Both left and right halves of the float were made from the same symmetrical mold. The laminate schedule consists of an epoxy gelcoat, two layers of 15 oz biaxial fiberglass fabric with two layers of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforcing the mid-section axis. The adhesive is WEST SYSTEM 105 Resin and 206 Slow Hardener. 4.1 Vacuum Bagging Applications 16 4PDF Image | Vacuum Bagging Techniques 002150
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