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1.3 Advantages of vacuum bagging Conventional clamps work well on thicker materials and narrow laminates like beams and frames. Large projects may require a large stockpile of clamps. Staples are commonly used to clamp thinner wooden plies when laminating wide panels for bulkheads or for applying veneers to cold-molded hulls. Vacuum bagging offers many advantages over conventional clamping or stapling techniques. As with other laminating methods, different materials can be incorporated into the laminate. Materials can be selected specifically to match the struc- tural requirements of the component rather than the limitations of the clamping method. Even clamping pressure Mechanical clamping or stapling applies pressure only to concentrated areas and can dam- age fragile core materials in one area while not providing enough pressure for a good bond in another. When placed in a closely spaced pattern, staples exert less than 5 psi of clamping force and then only in the immediate area of the staple. They cannot be used at all if you are laminating to a foam or honeycomb core because of the core’s lack of holding power. In ad- dition, extra adhesive is often required to bridge gaps that result from the uneven pressure of clamps and staples. Vacuum bagging, on the other hand, delivers firm, evenly distributed pressure over the en- tire surface regardless of the type or quantity of material being laminated. This allows a wider range and combination of materials as well as a superior bond between the materials. Vacuum bagging’s uniform clamping pressure across the laminate results in thinner, more consistent glue lines and fewer voids. Because atmospheric pressure is continuous, it evenly presses on the joint as the adhesive spreads evenly within. Control of resin content Vacuum bagging also gives you the means to control excess adhesive in the laminate, result- ing in higher fiber-to-resin ratios. This translates into higher strength-to-weight ratios and cost advantages for the builder. See 4.2.2. Custom shapes Another big advantage of vacuum bagging is in the simplicity and variety of the molds used. Keep in mind that the atmosphere is not only pushing down on the top of the envelope, but it is also pushing up equally on the bottom of the envelope or mold. Since atmospheric pres- sure provides equal and even clamping pressure to the back of the mold, the mold only has to be strong enough to hold the laminate in its desired shape until the epoxy has cured. Therefore, most molds can be relatively light weight and easy to build. Efficient laminating Because all of the materials in the laminate are wet out and laid up at the same time, vacuum bagging allows you to complete the laminating process in one efficient operation. 1.4 Using vacuum bagging technology This manual is designed to give you the basics of vacuum bagging. Before producing a fin- ished composite part, you should also have an understanding of composite materials and the engineering involved in designing composite structures. Experimenting is essential to that understanding and a valuable part of the design process. Composite construction is the ideal medium for experimentation, even on a small scale. Composite construction and vacuum bag laminating are rapidly expanding technologies. The information in this manual is sure to be surpassed by the development of new compos- ite materials and the refinement of vacuum bagging techniques. We hope this manual gives you the tools not only to expand your building capabilities, but also to explore the technol- ogy and improve on these techniques. Introduction 2 1PDF Image | Vacuum Bagging Techniques 002150
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