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20th International Conference on Composite Materials Copenhagen, 19-24th July 2015 Cross-sectional images in the XZ and YZ planes were taken of the reconstructed 3D datasets for each representative specimen of interest and are presented in Figure 4. Macro-voids are the most prevalent observable type of defect. Irrespective of fibre architecture, higher macro-porosity can be observed for the half-vacuum loss specimens. That being the case, the UD baseline specimen exhibits negligible porosity in contrast to the corresponding PW and 8HS specimens. As was previously mentioned, the in-plane breathability of OOA-UD tape is significantly greater than that of its woven counterparts. In turn, voids appear to be stochastically dispersed throughout the thickness in all specimens with a generally greater distribution, except for the UD half-vacuum loss specimen. The latter is marked by pronounced macro-voids in the corner shoulders, which correlates with the corner shoulder thickening observed in UD thickness profiles. Lastly, it is apparent that fibre architecture clearly affects void morphology: macro-voids found in the UD specimens are characterized by comparatively much larger aspect ratios and are much thinner through-the-thickness, whereas macro voids found in the PW and 8HS specimens respectively increase in sphericity. Lastly, it is expected that the possibility of there being a void in the near vicinity of the maximum radial (or interlaminar tensile) stress location in the corner will significantly lower the measured strength values and scatter in data as noted by Seon et al. [26]. 3.2 Curved beam strength testing results Load vs. displacement curves are plotted and grouped by fibre architecture in Figure 5A-C, and the average CBS values are plotted for comparison in Figure 5D. All specimens failed, as intended, by mode of corner delamination. Load curves all exhibit an initial load drop indicative of the onset of delamination. Smaller drops follow this initial drop as new delaminations appear and existing delaminations grow unstable. The failure behaviour is otherwise progressive and indicative of stable delamination growth. A UD specimen load curves B 44 33 22 11 00 PW specimen load curves 3 2 1 0 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 B H R 0 2 4 6 8 10 Crosshead displacement, Δ (mm) 0 2 4 6 8 10 Crosshead displacement, Δ (mm) C 4 8HS specimen load curves D Curved beam strength, CBS (kN) UD PW 8HS 1.32 0.980 1.10 Load, P (kN) Load, P (kN) Load, P (kN) 0 2 4 6 8 10 Crosshead displacement, Δ (mm) BHR 0.466 0.808 0.501 0.688 0.807 0.669 Figure 5 – Curved beam strength testing results: Load vs. crosshead displacement curves A) UD, B) PW, and C) 8HS specimens; and D) comparison of average sample curved beam strengths.PDF Image | VACUUM-BAG-ONLY COMPLEX-SHAPE PREPREG LAMINATE
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