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schedule. It is simpler to measure time than moisture content and these views are in accordance with the results observed for kiln control issues in this study. More specifically, simplicity of kiln control operation, ability to monitor moisture content and quality control during drying were more problematic for hardwoods than for softwoods, although no significant differences were found. Additionally, kiln drying of hardwoods requires a time period that varies from several days to a few months. For softwoods, drying times last from several hours to a few weeks and, therefore, the process is generally simpler. Milota & Smith (1994) report that there are different requirements regarding electrical energy consumption (used to operate the fans) for drying hardwoods and softwoods. For hardwoods, less horsepower is necessary, but fans are used for longer times compared to softwoods. Therefore, if a company dries only one category (i.e., either hardwoods or softwoods), it may be easier to specialize. However, if both hardwoods and softwoods are used, then electrical energy consumption becomes a more serious issue. This could explain why electrical energy consumption appeared to be a more important issue (and with a statistically significant difference) for operations that dried both hardwoods and softwoods (mean value 4.1 compared to 3.1 for softwoods and 2.9 for hardwoods). The issue of corrosion appeared to be of higher importance for hardwood producers compared to softwood producers, although the difference was not significant (mean value 3.8 compared to 3.1). This result can be attributed, to some extent, to the higher percentage of extractives that is usually found in hardwoods. Moreover, the combination of higher humidities inside kilns with longer drying times, typically used for hardwoods, could increase the amount of corrosion. Generally, the observed differences between softwoods and hardwoods were expected. They were in accordance with existing literature and could be readily interpreted. More serious concerns were found in the case of hardwoods, since they are mostly used for value-added products, where product quality considerations are important. 90PDF Image | KILN DRYING PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN CANADA
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