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Canadian companies were found to experience moderately serious problems in the case of shape deformations (mean value 2.9). The importance of this problem is affected by various factors like wood characteristics (e.g., slope of grain or presence of juvenile wood), presence of weights on top of the board pile inside the kiln, types of kiln schedules (mild or aggressive), tree species dried, pre-sorting (according to moisture content), and correct stacking procedures. Failure to sort boards according to moisture content before drying can increase the appearance of shape deformations, especially if there is a large initial spread of moisture content. This happens because some boards become over-dried. In addition, the problem with shape deformations seems to have a serious negative image on wood products' acceptance on the marketplace. Sandland & Tronstad (2001) report that manufacturers of building products other than wood commonly take advantage of shape deformations to argue that non- wood materials are superior. Therefore, dealing with the problem of deformations is critical in overcoming competition from substitutes. In general, respondents indicated that dried product quality problems were not very important in their operations. Considering that the majority of respondents (58.1%) were primary wood products producers, this result was expected since product quality becomes more of an issue for value added producers. However, companies have certain concerns (particularly with moisture content related problems, shape deformations and checking, to a lesser degree) and it is important for them to find ways to minimize the extent of these problems since drying degrade is considerably costly. Generally, there is usually a great potential to reduce drying defects. Wengert & Lamb (1988) claim that losses due to drying degrade can be reduced to less than 2% of the value of lumber when kilns are managed efficiently. In addition, the growing production of value-added products makes dried product quality considerations more important for a competitive kiln drying operation. The following section discusses the drying process and kiln control situation which caused more concerns for companies than dried product quality issues. 82PDF Image | KILN DRYING PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN CANADA
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