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Response rates are defined by Czaja, & Blair (1996) as: "the number of eligible sample members who complete a questionnaire divided by the total number of eligible sample members". In order to calculate the response rate, equation 1 was used: Returned Completed Questionnaires Response Rate -Total Mail Outs - Returned to Sender - Returned Blank Questionnaires Equation 1 Generally, response rates in mail surveys vary substantially. Kanuk & Berenson (1975) mention a range between 20% and 100%. There is high variability in kiln drying related mail surveys as well. More specifically, Leger et al. (2002) report a response rate of 60.8% for the Province of Quebec, while in Europe, Welling (2000a) achieved a response rate of approximately 12.2%. Czaja & Blair (1996) consider response rates below 30% to be too low. The response rate calculated for the present study was 43.8%, which is considered satisfactory. The calculation was as follows: Response Rate - 163 420-39-9 = 0.438 The time delay between the two mailings was helpful, not only for the reasons mentioned earlier in this section, but also for facilitating testing for non-response bias. 4.1.2. Non-Response Bias Non-response error occurs when subjects who responded to a survey are substantially different from subjects who did not respond on certain characteristics that are important to the study (Dillman, 2000). In such a case, it is not possible to generalize the findings to the population. One method to estimate non-response bias is based on the assumption that late respondents are similar to non-respondents (Armstrong & Overton, 1977). Therefore, certain important variables can be compared 43PDF Image | KILN DRYING PROBLEMS AND ISSUES IN CANADA
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