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cost. The capital investment and inventory cost represented 8.26% and 83% respectively from the total costs, which make vacuum with air drying costs to be higher than conventional. In the case of Plant D, vacuum with air drying presented the higher cost values. Differences in the costs rates between the three scenarios were due to the capital investment and inventory costs, which represented a 7% and 97% respectively from the total costs. The inventory cost for vacuum with air drying is higher due to the kiln rate of 4 days. This means that there have to be lumber air dried every 4 days to fulfill the customer demand. While these results clearly show that conventional drying has the lowest cost per MBF, they do not show which scenario and technology is most economically viable because the costs are for a fixed time period and not projected for a longer period of time. Such an analysis is presented in chapter 5 to determine the feasibility of the three scenarios. 4.4 SUMMARY In this chapter, it was determined that vacuum drying quality is slightly better than conventional drying, with less checking, end splits, drying stress and shrinkage. Vacuum drying times for 4/4 red oak average 8 days when it is dried from the green state and 4 days when it is air dried to 40% MC. Conventional drying takes a total average of 54 days from air drying (42 days) and kiln drying (12 days). Thus, vacuum drying is significantly quicker (92%) than conventional drying which may allow for improvements in cycle time, throughput and reduced inventory levels in the remaining manufacturing processes. From the three scenarios studied (conventional kiln, vacuum with air drying and vacuum with no air drying), for both plants C and D, vacuum drying with air drying obtained the highest cost, $349/MBF and $373/MBF respectively. The higher cost is due to the kilns capital investment and inventory cost, which represented 8.26% and 83%, and 7% and 97% of the total costs of vacuum with air drying respectively for Plant C and D. While vacuum drying has the highest cost per MBF, it is possible that over time it may prove to be a more feasible investment. It is also possible that for a manufacturing facility that dries its own lumber for consumption the reductions in inventory levels, work in process and lead times may offset the high capital costs. 83PDF Image | Impact of Vacuum-Drying on Efficiency of Hardwood Products
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