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layers of lumber will only spread the infection. On the other hand, stickers that are too dry can cause reverse sticker stain and can actually leave lighter color wood underneath the sticks! HOW ABOUT THE BOLSTERS? Think of the bolsters as wide stickers. Bolsters also need to be dry and at least as long as your packs of lumber are wide. They need to be placed directly in line with your stickers to provide support for the layers of lumber above, so make sure the fork truck operator is trained to do this correctly. Bolsters can cause sticker shadow too (only wider), so some people nail stickers to the tops and bottoms of their bolsters (or use grooved bolsters) to minimize the contact area with the lumber. Treated bolsters are sometimes used to avoid insect problems at ground level (Figure 40). Figure 40. Side view of a well-stacked pile of hardwood lumber. PRESERVING COLOR IN LIGHT-COLORED SPECIES. Many companies air dry their hardwood lumber before it goes into the kiln unless there’s a special order, or unless there’s some particular quality specification that is best addressed by controlling the drying conditions in a kiln. Air drying is generally cheaper and decreases the time needed in the kiln. Maple is one of those species that often goes directly into a kiln; maple’s value is enhanced by its whiteness, and immediate drying increases the brightness of the dried lumber. During warm months many sawmills turn away maple logs on Fridays (because they know they won’t get around to sawing them on Monday) and Mondays (because they know that the logs were cut before the weekend. Unsightly color changes are more readily visible in light-colored species; for example, holly will blue stain very quickly and some people are cautious about ash, too. PREPARING TO DRY YOUR LUMBER. Lumber starts to dry as soon as it comes off the saw, and the options for most small sawing and dry kiln operations include 1) air drying on an air drying yard; 2) shed drying; and 3) kiln drying. Air drying and shed drying environments are similar; drying sheds are typically pole buildings with foundations and roofs but no sides. Shed drying offers the potential to control rain and slow down drying with screen-like curtains around the perimeter of the shed (one such product is called Shade-Dri®). Compared to immediate kiln drying, both air drying and shed drying are less controlled and have more potential for lumber damage but your costs will usually be lower. If you truck green lumber to another location without tarping it you definitely have the potential for drying defects due to the air flow on the exposed surfaces. 70PDF Image | HARDWOOD DRY KILN OPERATION A MANUAL FOR OPERATORS OF SMALL DRY KILNS
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