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EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) varies from place to place according to the environmental conditions. Wood kept indoors will achieve a lower moisture content than wood that is kept under a roof outdoors, and wood stored under a roof will dry more than wood that is left exposed to the elements without protection. Given similar storage conditions, wood kept outdoors in the desert will become (and stay) drier than wood that is kept outdoors along the Gulf Coast as well. To further complicate things, our indoor environment is often affected by a furnace or an air conditioner. For manufacturers and consumers in many parts of the United States, a wood moisture content of between 6% and 8% MC is often specified. Wood EMC is affected by both the temperature and the relative humidity, but it’s more sensitive to the relative humidity. You can change both the RH and the temperature in different combinations to get the same EMC. That’s useful information to know for running a dry kiln, because the drying rate can be adjusted using temperature while the same EMC is maintained. In other words, you can get the same EMC at two different combinations of temperature and RH, but the combination that uses the higher temperature will change the moisture content more quickly. There’s a complete table of EMC conditions (temperature and RH combinations) in the Wood Handbook and many other drying publications. In the portion of the table below (Table 2), I marked the cell you would refer to if you wanted to look up the EMC for a location maintained at 70°F and 40% RH. The EMC would be 7.7%, so your lumber would probably be at a reasonable MC for woodworking. 41PDF Image | HARDWOOD DRY KILN OPERATION A MANUAL FOR OPERATORS OF SMALL DRY KILNS
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