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RAYS RAYS Figure 15. American beech: Some rays are labelled on the radial (quartersawn) and tangential (flatsawn) faces, respectively. The quartersawn face exposes the side of the rays, making them look like ribbons; what you see on a flatsawn board is the ray ends. Each ray is made up of many individual ray cells, as shown in Figure 10 below. RAYS Figure 16. This is a view of the ray ends for beech on a tangential surface (see the right-hand photo in Figure 9 for a similar photo taken with top-lighting at a lower magnification). In this micrograph of a thin section, the cells that are stained deep red are the fibers and the unstained areas are pores. The ray ends point directly towards the viewer like bunches of soda straws, and you can see how many cells group together to form each ray. JUVENILE WOOD AND SPIRAL GRAIN. Did you know that warp is most often caused by the wood structure and not by the dry kiln operator? The first 10-15 growth rings surrounding the pith are called juvenile wood and the wood cut from this region shrinks more than the surrounding “mature” wood as the lumber dries. If a board is cut such that one edge is close to the pith and the other edge is closer to the bark, the edge closer to the 23PDF Image | HARDWOOD DRY KILN OPERATION A MANUAL FOR OPERATORS OF SMALL DRY KILNS
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