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Figure 5. These are dehumidification kilns, though it’s hard to tell the difference from most other kiln types just by looking at the outside of the building. One difference from large conventional kilns is that the vents are smaller and fewer in number (in this photograph the vents are above the doors at the front of the building). Each of these large kilns holds about 50,000 board feet of lumber. It’s typically the responsibility of the purchaser to erect the kiln chamber for small systems. Plans are available from several sources, but ultimately the chamber doesn’t need to be much more than a well-insulated garage with materials and refinements chosen by the user. Installers need to apply a water vapor-proof barrier such as Kiln- Kote to the inside of the kiln as well. This helps to keep water vapor from condensing in the kiln walls and prolongs the life of user-erected buildings made of wood or concrete blocks. Interior vapor barriers are useful components of commercially-fabricated kilns as well. If you design your own kiln, specify your loading door to be at least one foot wider than the actual length of your lumber to accommodate loading lumber packs with a fork truck. Be sure to insulate the concrete floor and use sheets of foam insulation instead of fiberglass to insulate the building; if water vapor does penetrate the walls and condense it will saturate fiberglass insulation and compromise its thermal properties. A small drain in the center of an appropriately sloped floor will help to remove condensation from cold lumber. Loading lumber into an insulated box endwise takes more time, but if you’re just starting a business you might want to check out refitting a high- cube reefer truck as your kiln chamber. DH KILN COMPONENTS AND OPERATION. There are two separate components to DH kilns: 1) a refrigeration compressor with evaporation and condenser coils and 2) a supplemental heating unit. The compressor is sized according to the lumber volume; a 4000 BF DH kiln would be powered by a 2 HP compressor, for example. During operation, fans blow warm air across stacks of lumber. Water evaporates from the lumber as the air passes over the wood, and this moist air is circulated over the evaporator coil; water condenses on the chilled coils, drips into a collection pan and is removed from the kiln through a pipe. A compressor downstream from the evaporator coil 12PDF Image | HARDWOOD DRY KILN OPERATION A MANUAL FOR OPERATORS OF SMALL DRY KILNS
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