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Distortion We measured distortion on undressed boards before and after drying. For all trials, cupping was not included in the total percentage of boards within acceptable limits as all cupping was removed after dressing. Significant differences do not exist between conventional and vacuum end-matched trials for spring and bow of trials MES2 andMES3, and spring and twist for trial MES4. All other comparisons exhibited significant differences. Total distortion results were acceptable after drying for all trials. As the MES3 vacuum boards were partially dried before testing the results cannot be directly compared with other trials. Table 51. Distortion results after drying – E. obliqua Trial MES1 MES2 MES3 MES4 Table 52. Distortion grade results – E.obliqua Trial Distortion - % In grade Spring Bow NA NA 100 100 NA NA Conventional Twist Cup Vacuum Spring Bow Twist Cup Total Before drying 100 100 100 100 100 After drying 99 100 97 100 96 Before drying 100 100 100 100 100 After drying 98 100 99 100 97 Before drying 100 100 100 100 100 After drying 100 100 99 100 99 Before drying 100 100 100 100 100 After drying 99 100 95 100 95 NA 100 NA 98 99 100 Total NA NA 100 96 NA NA 98 97 NA NA 100 96 NA NA 98 97 NA NA 99 100 NA NA 100 100 Distortion (mm) Spring 3.9 NA 97 NA 97 Vacuum Spring Average 2.3 Maximum 14.0 Minimum 0.0 Standard deviation 2.2 Significance (p) < 0.0001 Bow Twist Cup 2.0 1.7 0.2 7.0 6.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 1.7 0.4 0.009 0.014 NA Average 3.8 Maximum 21.0 Minimum 0.0 Standard deviation 3.2 Significance (p) 0.327 2.5 1.6 0.3 9.0 6.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.6 0.4 0.021 0.033 NA Average 2.4 Maximum 9.0 Minimum 0.0 Standard deviation 2.4 Significance (p) 0.105 2.5 1.6 0.4 7.0 10.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.5 0.5 0.157 0.003 NA Average 3.7 Maximum 25.0 Minimum 0.0 Standard deviation 3.6 Significance (p) 0.632 3.6 2.0 1.0 10.0 10.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.1 0.9 < 0.0001 0.537 NA 21.0 MES1 0.0 3.4 NA 4.2 24.0 MES2 0.0 3.6 NA 3.2 14.0 MES3 0.0 2.9 NA 3.6 Conventional Bow Twist Cup 2.9 2.3 0.3 15.0 8.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 1.8 0.6 NA NA NA 2.3 1.1 0.1 30.0 5.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 1.3 0.4 NA NA NA 2.3 1.2 0.1 11.0 12.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 1.9 0.3 NA NA NA 2.1 1.7 0.2 7.0 7.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.7 0.4 NA NA NA MES4 Surface and internal checking 11.0 0.0 2.6 NA Significant differences exist between the surface checking population means of MES2 and MES3 conventional and vacuum end-matched trials (Table 53). Unacceptable surface checking grade qualities resulted for conventional trial MES2 and both MES3 trials (Table 54). As the MES3 vacuum boards were partially dried before testing the results cannot be directly compared with other trials. The remaining vacuum trials all achieved acceptable surface checking results. Internal checking was present in boards for all vacuum and conventional trials. Unacceptable internal check grade quality resulted for both MES1 trials and MES2 vacuum trial. The milder 84 Evaluation of super–heated steam vacuum drying viability and development of a predictive drying model for Australian hardwood species – Final reportPDF Image | Evaluation of super-heated steam vacuum drying
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