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The support is made from soldered brass. Samples are hung from a G-shaped support via a 1 mm diameter hole drilled in the upper part. The upper branch of the G-support is curved to create a V shaped hook. The V-shaped hook inhibits sample movement in the direction of the support branch to which the V-hook is connected (sample thickness direction). Rotation around the V-hook (sample width direction) is inhibited by using a needle and attached counterweight. The needle is inserted in a second hole (0.8 mm diameter) drilled in the bottom of the sample. One end of the needle is held by an eye-hook at the bottom part of the G-support. The two holes are both offset from the central width of the sample, so that gravity forces the sample to rotate around the V-hook until the needle leans against the G-support. Due to friction, as a result of the needle counterweight, the sample is also blocked from rotating in the direction of the needle. Even though rotational movement of the sample is blocked in all directions, it is still free to shrink. Experimental procedure We investigated radial and tangential shrinkage on two 1 mm samples for each species, except for Corymbia citriodora, where three samples were tested due to an unreliable test. An additional, two shrinkage samples per 0.5 mm, 1 mm and 2 mm thickness were investigated for Eucalyptus obliqua, due to collapse shrinkage compromising initial samples. We placed each sample on the support in the centre of the balance, ensuring that the vertical laser passed along the two holes. Drying of the sample before data acquisition was inhibited by regularly adding liquid water to the surfaces using atomised water spray during set-up. For each test, the water bath was initially set to a temperature of 27°C for 10 hours, then ramped to 9°C over 12 hours, held at these conditions for 3 hours, then returned to 27°C over a 6 hr ramp. The final conditions were held for at least 3 hours. The corresponding relative humidity values were 88% and 30% (Figure 11). Figure 11. Climatic schedule used for shrinkage tests – dew point temperature and relative humidity are shown During each test, we recorded shrinkage, temperature and sample weights at regular intervals. At the end of the experiment, the sample was dried at 103 ± 2°C in accordance with AS/NZS 1080.1 (2001) to determine the current MC of the sample and previous MC evolution during the test. Investigations of sample MC versus external relative humidity were conducted to observe the sorption/desorption characteristics and hysteresis. The desorption phase is more applicable to wood drying. Therefore, the desorption RH and MC data were used to solve the 36 Evaluation of super–heated steam vacuum drying viability and development of a predictive drying model for Australian hardwood species – Final reportPDF Image | Evaluation of super-heated steam vacuum drying
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