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3.1.4 Explanation of statistical analysis and presentation techniques Scatter plots We use scattergrams to present much of the quantitative data in this report. Scattergrams are a visual representation of quantitative results and are particularly useful for visually comparing paired numerical data. Individual, disconnected symbols represent data on a scattergrams. The plot allows the reader to observe the distribution of quantitative data around the mean, represented by a red line. Normality test Before statistical comparison of results between end-matched trials, normality tests were required and performed on much of the quantitative data. Normality tests show if a quantitative data set is normally distributed and hence determines the statistical method used to compare and analyse paired data. For instance, if both sets of paired data are normally distributed, parametric tests are required for statistical comparisons. Similarly, if one or both sets of paired data are not normally distributed, nonparametric tests are required. The normality test used in this report was the Shapiro–Wilk test, testing normality to a 95% confidence limit. Parametric test Parametric tests compare normally distributed quantitative data. The parametric test used in this report is the Student t test. The test statistically compares if significant differences exist between the means of paired data of end-matched boards for both conventional and vacuum drying treatments. Nonparametric test Nonparametric tests compare non-normally distributed quantitative data. We used two nonparametric tests in this report: the Wilcoxin signed–rank test and the Mann–Whitney test. The Wilcoxin signed–rank test statistically compares if significant differences exist between the paired data populations of end-matched boards for both conventional and vacuum drying treatments. The Mann–Whitney test statistically compares if significant differences exist between the unpaired data populations between trials of the same species. Significance The standard 95% confidence limit applied to all paired comparisons. Therefore, significance is indicated by p<0.05. 12PDF Image | Evaluation of super-heated steam vacuum drying
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