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sectional MC and MC gradients to be calculated (by ripping into approximate 1/3 thickness pieces and calculating MC in accordance with AS/NZS 1080.1:1997 (Standards Australia, 1997). Both cross–sectional MC and MC gradient were assessed in accordance with AS/NZS 4787:2001 (Standards Australia, 2001). Final cross–sectional MC was also assessed in accordance with AS 2796:1999 (Standards Australia, 1999), which specifies all boards (for strip flooring) must have a MC between 9 and 14%, unless otherwise agreed. The target final cross-sectional MC was 11% for all trials. Basic Density The green MC sections described above were also used to measure basic density in accordance with AS/NZS 1080.3:2000 (Standards Australia, 2000). Density was determined by measuring the MC of the test piece (in accordance with AS/NZS 1080.1:1997), and the volume of the test piece before oven drying. Distortion Each sample board was graded for distortion (i.e. twist, spring, bow and cup) in accordance with Australian Standard AS 2796:1999 (Standards Australia, 1999). Surface and internal checking When kiln drying was complete, each board was assessed for surface checking (on both wide faces) in accordance with Australian Standard AS2796.3:1999 (Standards Australia, 1999), whereby a board was deemed to make select (best) grade if no surface checks on either face were greater than 250 mm long or 1 mm wide. We assessed surface checking on boards in the dressed condition at a thickness of 19 mm. The presence of internal checking was determined on a present or absent basis by visually inspecting the freshly sawn end of each board (i.e. after we removed the 400 mm and MC sections). Internal checking was assessed in accordance with AS/NZS 4787:2001 (Standards Australia, 2001). End split End splits were measured and assessed (both ends) in accordance with Australian and New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 4787:2001 (Standards Australia, 2001). Drying stress When drying was complete, a 25 mm cross–section was removed (as adjacent to the MC sample location) and used to quantify residual drying stress in accordance with AS/NZS 4787:2001 (Standards Australia, 2001). We quantified drying stress by measuring the width of each cross section before ripping the section down the middle and measuring the gap between the freshly sawn concave/convex faces (Figure 2). The degree of drying stress is the ratio of gap width and section width expressed as a percentage as follows: Dstress =(Dgap /W)×100 where, Dstress = degree of residual stress as a percentage (%) Dgap = gap between concave / convex faces (mm) W = board width (mm) (1) 7PDF Image | Evaluation of super-heated steam vacuum drying
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