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Use of Schedules for Other Than Steam-Heated Kilns As mentioned earlier, most of these schedules are suggested for use with steam-heated kilns where both temperature and humidity are closely controlled. This is a very common type of lumber dry kiln currently being used in the United States and Canada and will continue to dominate these markets for years to come. Other drying systems are available and enjoy varying degrees of success in the United States and Canadian markets. The more common systems include: (1) Direct-fired kilns–used mainly in drying softwood dimension lumber for construction uses; limited humidity control; temperatures usually above 212 °F. A few schedules have been suggested for drying selected southern pine products in direct-fired kilns. It is unlikely that the steam-heated kiln schedules can be adapted to direct-fired kilns where precise control of the relative humidity or wet-bulb temperature is limited or not possible. (2) Dehumidification kilns–currently being used primarily in drying hardwood lumber, but use in drying softwood dimension lumber is growing. Temperatures are frequently lower than steam-heated kilns. The majority of the suggested schedules for steam kilns are adaptable for use with the dehumidification kilns. A frequently recommended practice is to start at a lower dry-bulb temperature but maintain the same equilibrium moisture content (EMC) and relative humidity (RH) for the various steps. We believe this procedure is adequate to develop an initial kiln schedule, with modifications then made based on the drying results. (3) Miscellaneous drying systems–incIude various types of vacuum dryers. Energy is transferred to the wood by several methods including radio-frequency (RF), hot air, heated platens, or electric blankets. At this time, we cannot comment on the usefulness of these schedules to the vacuum or RF vacuum-drying systems. 4PDF Image | Dry Kiln Schedules FPL GTR 57
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