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Standard hardware used for the framing included 16d and 8d nails. Stainless steel screws should be used to fasten the interior sheathing given the extremely corrosive nature of a dry kiln environment. In addition, it is important to use stainless steel fasteners which come in contact with pressure treated wood. ACQ pressure treated wood is extremely corrosive on non-coated and galvanized fasteners. These fasteners can fail in as little as one year. Other hardware included slide bolts, handles, and weather stripping for the doors. Again, stainless steal would be preferred in any applications that come into close contact with the inside kiln environment. Figure 5: Heater, measuring bucket, and dehumidifier with lamp timer. An electric space heater was added to the kiln to boost the operating temperature later in the drying process. During test runs, the space heater was not turned on since the heat generated by the dehumidifier’s compressor combined with the heat from the four fan motors was sufficient to reach the required drying temperatures. If the kiln were located outside of a heated building in the winter months, the electric heater would likely be needed to reach desired temperatures (see Figure 5). A simple remote hygrometer/thermometer purchased at a local electronics store allows the kiln operator to read the interior relative humidity and temperature without entering the kiln. This device consists of a measuring probe and a wireless output screen which can be Miscellaneous materials included an exterior grade stain for the kiln siding and paint for the interior walls and floor sheathing. Electronic Equipment 3 Figure 6: Hygrometer/thermometer. Relative humidity, air speed, and temperature are the main factors to consider for successful lumber drying. Each of these factors and the appropriate monitoring equipment is discussed in the following paragraphs. A standard household dehumidifier was used to control the relative humidity within the kiln. Water was carried through a drain hose from the dehumidifier through a hole in the rear wall into a measuring bucket. Measuring the amount of water removed over a given period of time is useful in determining the rate of moisture loss in the lumber charge. Early in the drying process, the dehumidifier controls did not allow for a high enough relative humidity setting and too much water was removed from the charge. To alleviate this problem, the dehumidifier was plugged into a simple lamp timer which cycled the dehumidifier on and off to slow the rate of moisture removal. Different timing sequences are required for different species and thicknesses to achieve a safe allowable moisture removal rate (see Figure 7). Alternatively, the dehumidifier could have been plugged into and controlled by a simple humidistat. These humidistats have a wider relative humidity control range. A hinged baffle system was hung from the roof system down to the top level of the lumber charge. This system housed the attic fan units and was hinged to swing up and out of the way while loading the kiln. mounted onto the outside of the kiln or anywhere within range of the kiln probe. It is recommended that a Lithium- ion battery be used in exterior, cold-weather applications (see Figure 6).PDF Image | DH Drying for Small Woodworking Firms and Hobbyists
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