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2 industry, automobiles, and biomedical applications [1, 3]. Vacuum bagging (VB) is a promising technique to manufacture advanced laminated composites and sandwich structures. Traditionally, such composites were produced using vacuum bagging with an autoclave (VBA). The vacuum bagging setup is placed inside an autoclave vessel, achieving partial or full vacuum in the bag, as shown in Figure 1. The vessel temperature is raised following a specified curing profile and the vessel is pressurized. The prepregs are compressed by the consolidation pressure differential to acquire the required shape [4]. VBA is commonly known to produce high-quality composites with very minimal void content. However, manufacturing process for composites using VBA process is extremely costly because of high procurement, operation, and maintenance costs involved in a specialized autoclave vessel [5, 6]. The vessel size also limits the sizes of parts to be produced. Their unavailability in required sizes certainly affects the production rate or required components in the industry. Furthermore, a longer cure cycle is required to heat up a large autoclave vessel which at the end of the operation, also takes longer to cool down. Occasionally, a slower ramp rate is used to ensure an even distribution of temperature distribution on both the tool and the parts themselves [6]. Autoclave Vessel Vacuum Pump Through Bag Connector Vacuum Bag Setup Pressure Pressure Figure 1: Vacuum bagging with the autoclave curing process. As the demands, desired sizes and complexity for these composite parts increase, the need for a faster and more economical manufacturing process increases [2, 5]. However, the challenges associated with a VBA process prohibit it from achieving all the advantages in a single manufacturing process. Vacuum-bagging-only (VBO) is another promising composite manufacturing process which has the MouldPDF Image | Comparison of Single-Vacuum-Bag and Double-Vacuum-Bag Methods
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