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Comparing Vacuum Drying and Conventional Drying Effects on the Coloration of Hard Maple Lumber Literature Cited Beckwith III, J.R. 1979. Theory and practice of hardwood color measurement. Wood Science. 11(3): 169-175. Billmeyer, F.W.; Saltzman, M. 1981. Principles of color technology. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 240 p. Bumgardner, M.; Bowe, S.A. 2002. Species selection in secondary wood products: implications for product design and promotion. Wood and Fiber Science. 34(3): 408-418. Chen, Z.; Lamb, F.M. 2004. A vacuum drying system for green hardwood parts. Drying Technology. 22(3): 577-595. Dawson-Andoh, B.E.; Wiemann, M.; Matuana, L.; Baumgras, J. 2004. Infrared and colorimetric characterization of discolored kiln-dried hard maple lumber. Forest Products Journal. 54: 53-57. Denig, J.; Wengert, E.M.; Simpson, W.T. 2000. Drying hardwood lumber. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-118. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 138 p. Espinoza, O.; Bond, B. 2016. Vacuum drying of wood: state of the art. Wood Structure and Function. 2: 223-235. Gray, A. 1904 (Feb. 9). Process of drying timber. U.S. Patent 763482. Harris, R.A.; Taras, M.A.; Schroeder, J.G. 1984. Sound quality upholstered frame part yields from lumber and green cuttings dried by a radio-frequency/vacuum system and by conventional kiln-drying. Forest Products Journal. 34 (7-8): 19-21. McMillen, J.M. 1968. Prevention of pinkish brown discoloration in drying maple sapwood. Res. Note FPL-RN- 0193. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 10 p. McMillen, J.M. 1975. Physical characteristics of seasoning discoloration in sugar maple sapwood. Res. Pap. FPL-RP- 248. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 31 p. McMillen, J.M. 1976. Control of reddish-brown coloration in drying maple sapwood. Res. Note FPL-RN-0231. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 8 p. Rappold, P.M.; Smith, W.B. 2004. An investigation of the relationships between harvest season, log age, and drying schedule on the coloration of hard maple lumber. Forest Products Journal. 54: 178-184. Smith, W.B.; Montoney, D.E. 2000. Wood color change and control during drying. In: Proceedings: quality lumber drying in the Pacific Northwest: vertical integration = improved profit. September 30–October 2, 1999, Seattle, WA. Madison, WI: Forest Products Society: 111-118. Smith, W.B.; Herdman, D.J. 1998. Effects of kiln schedules and sticker variables on board color and sticker stain in hard maple. In: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Hardwood Symposium Technology and Market Information for the Next Millennium. Memphis, TN: National Hardwood Lumber Association: 121-133. Wengert, E.M. 1992. Causes and cures for stains in dried lumber: sticker stain, chemical stain, iron stain, and blue stain. Forestry Facts No. 64. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin. 6 p. Wiemann, M.C.; Knaebe, M. 2008. Factors affecting oxidative stain in soft maple (Acer rubrum L.) Res. Note FPL-RN-0311. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 4p. Wiemann, M.C.; Bergman, R.D., Knaebe, M.; Bowe, S. 2009. Exploring methods for prevention of oxidative stain in soft maple. Res. Pap. FPL-RP-654. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 7 p. Wiemann, M.C.; Knaebe, M.; Bowe, S. 2011. Optimum drying temperature to prevent oxidative stain in soft maple. Res. Pap. FPL-RP-661. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 4p. Wiemann, M.C.; Knaebe, M.; Bowe, S. 2014. Drying temperature to reduce oxidative discoloration in soft maple. Res. Pap. FPL-RP-678. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 6 p. Yeo, H.; Smith, W.B. 2004. Control of interior darkening in hard maple. Wood and Fiber Science. 36(3): 417-422. 5PDF Image | Comparing Vacuum Drying and Conventional Drying
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