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9/27/01 AC 43.13-1B CHG 1 transmission, squelch, operations using head phones, speaker(s), and hand microphone. If a receiver or transmitter is found to be defective, it should be removed from the aircraft and re paired. 12-11. VHF OMNI-DIRECTIONAL RANGE (VOR). A VOR operates within the 108.0to111.85MHz, and 112.0 to 117.95 MHz frequency bands. The display usually consists of a deviation indicator and a TO/FROM indicator. The controls consist of a frequency selector for selecting the ground station and an OBS, which is used for course selection. An ON/OFF flag is used to deter mine adequate field strength and presence of a valid signal. There are numerous configura tions when integrated into flight directors and/or when using a slaved compass system, which uses an additional indicator that points continually to the selected omni station re gardless of OBS selection. In order to deter mine the accuracy specified in a functional check, a ground test set must be used in accor dance with the manufacturer’s specifications. For the purpose of this inspection/maintenance activity, the following operational check can be accomplished to determine if the equipment has the accuracy required for operation in in strument flight rules (IFR) environment. V er ify audio identification, OBS operation, flag operation, radio magnetic indicator (RMI) in terface, and applicable navigation (NAV) switching functions. The operational check is also published in the AIM, section 1-1-4. This at a different frequency. The aircraft unit measures the time it takes to transmit and then receive the signal, which then is translated into distance. DME operates on frequencies from 962 MHz to 1213 MHz. Because of the cur vature of earth, this line-of-sight signal is reli able up to 199 nautical mile (NM) at the high end of the controlled airspace with an accuracy of1/2mileor3percentofthedistance. DME inspection/maintenance on the aircraft is most commonly limited to a visual check of the in stallation, and if there have been previously reported problems, the antenna must be in spected for proper bonding and the absence of corrosion, both on the mounting surface, as well as the coax connector. Accuracy can be determined by evaluating performance during flight operations, as well as with ground test equipment. If a discrepancy is reported and corrected, it is good practice to make the accu racy determination before instrument flight. Tune the DME to a local station, or use the proper ground test equipment to check audio identification, and DME hold function verify correct display operation. 12-13. AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER (ADF). The ADF receivers are pri marily designed to receive nondirectional bea cons (NDB) in the 19 to 535 kHz amplitude modulation (AM) broadcast low band. The receivers will also operate in the commercial AM band. The ADF display pointer will indi cate the relative bearing to a selected AM band transmitter that is in range. An ADF system must be checked by tuning to an adequate NDB or commercial AM station. V erify proper bearing to station, audio identification and tone/beat frequency oscillator (BFO), cor rect operation in closed circuit (LOOP) and sense modes. Note the orientation of the se lected station to the aircraft using an appropri ate chart. Observe the ADF relative bearing reading, and compare to the chart. Slew the needle and observe how fast (or slowly) it re turns to the reading. ADF performance may check is required tion 91.171 before tions. by 14 CFR instrument part 91, sec flight opera 12-12. DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIP- MENT (DME). The operation of DME con sists of paired pulses at a specific spacing, sent out from the aircraft (this is what is called in terrogation), and are received by the ground station, which then responds with paired pulses at the specific spacing sent by the aircraft, but Par 12-10 Page 12-5PDF Image | AFS-640
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