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9/27/01 AC 43.13-1B CHG 1 b. Exposed junctions and buses should be protected with insulating materials. Junc- tions and buses located within enclosed areas containing only electrical and electronic equipment are not considered as exposed. c. Electrical junctions should be me- chanically and electrically secure. They should not be subject to mechanical strain or used as a support for insulating materials, except for in- sulation on terminals. 11-104. CIRCUIT BREAKERS. Note those circuit breakers which have a tendency to open circuits frequently, require resetting more than normal, or are subject to nuisance trip- ping. Before considering their replacement, investigate the reason. 11-105. SYSTEM SEPARATION. Wires of redundant aircraft systems should be routed in separate bundles and through separate con- nectors to prevent a single fault from disabling multiple systems. Wires not protected by a circuit-protective device, such as a circuit breaker or fuse, should be routed separately from all other wiring. Power feeders from separate sources should be routed in separate bundles from each other and from other air- craft wiring, in order to prevent a single fault from disabling more than one power source. The ground wires from aircraft power sources should be attached to the airframe at separate points so that a single failure will not disable multiple sources. Wiring that is part of elec- tro-explosive subsystems, such as cartridge- actuated fire extinguishers, rescue hoist shear, and emergency jettison devices, should be routed in shielded and jacketed twisted-pair cables, shielded without discontinuities, and kept separate from other wiring at connectors. To facilitate identification of specific separated system bundles, use of colored plastic cable ties or lacing tape is allowed. During aircraft maintenance, colored plastic cable straps or lacing tape should be replaced with the same type and color of tying materials. 11-106. ELECTROMAGNETIC INTER- FERENCE (EMI). Wiring of sensitive cir- cuits that may be affected by EMI must be routed away from other wiring interference, or provided with sufficient shielding to avoid system malfunctions under operating condi- tions. EMI between susceptible wiring and wiring which is a source of EMI increases in proportion to the length of parallel runs and decreases with greater separation. EMI should be limited to negligible levels in wiring related to critical systems, that is, the function of the critical system should not be affected by the EMI generated by the adjacent wire. Use of shielding with 85 percent coverage or greater is recommended. Coaxial, triaxial, twinaxial, or quadraxial cables should be used, wherever appropriate, with their shields connected to ground at a single point or multiple points, de- pending upon the purpose of the shielding. The airframe grounded structure may also be used as an EMI shield. 11-107. INTERFERENCE TESTS. Per- form an interference test for installed equip- ment and electrical connections as follow: a. The equipment must be installed in ac- cordance with manufacturer’s installation in- structions. Visually inspect all the installed equipment to determine that industry standard workmanship and engineering practices were used. Verify that all mechanical and electrical connections have been properly made and that the equipment has been located and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recom- mendations. The wire insulation temperature rating should also be considered. b. Power input tests must be conducted with the equipment powered by the airplane’s electrical power generating system, unless oth- erwise specified. Par 11-103 Page 11-49PDF Image | AFS-640
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