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AC 43.13-1B 9/8/98 FIGURE 8-14. Typical muffler wall failure. (A. Complete muffler assembly with heat shroud removed; B. Detail view of failure; C. Cross section of failed muffler.) As opposed to other failures, erosion and car- bonizing caused by the extreme thermal con- ditions are the primary causes of internal fail- ures. Engine after-firing and combustion of unburned fuel within the exhaust system are probable contributing factors. a. In addition, local hot spot areas caused by uneven exhaust gas flow, result in burning, bulging, and rupture of the outer muf- fler wall. (See figure 8-14.) As might be expected, the time required for these failures to develop is longer than that for fatigue failures. Internal muffler failures account for nearly 20 percent of the total number of exhaust sys- tem failures. b. The highest rate of internal muffler failures occurs between 500 and 750 hours of operating time. Engine power loss and exces- sive back-pressure caused by exhaust outlet blockage may be averted by the installation Page 8-24 Par 8-48PDF Image | AFS-640
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