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AC 43.13-1B 9/8/98 c. Operators must understand nonrele- vant error indications and recognize them during examination. Proper analysis of indi- cations in these regions will require consider- able skill and experience, and supplemental methods may be required before a final evaluation can be made. Special techniques for examination of these areas are given in subsequent paragraphs. 5-42. APPLICATIONS. Use magnetic par- ticle inspection on any well-cleaned surface that is accessible for close visual examination. Typical parts deserving magnetic particle ex- amination are: steel fasteners and pins; critical structural elements; linkages; landing gear components; splice and attach fittings; and actuating mechanisms. a. During field repair operations, disas- sembly is often not necessary, except when the parts have critical areas or delicate installed components. However, for overhaul opera- tions, a more thorough and critical examina- tion may be obtained with stationary equip- ment in a shop environment with completely disassembled, and thoroughly cleaned and stripped parts. b. Magnetic rubber examination mate- rial is useful for in-field service examinations of fastener holes in areas where the accessibil- ity is limited or restricted, where particle sus- pensions may cause unwanted contamination, when a permanent record is desired, and when the examination area cannot be observed visu- ally. 5-43. ELECTRICAL MAGNETIZING EQUIPMENT. Stationary equipment in the range of 100 to 6000 amperes is normal for use within the aerospace industry for overhaul op- erations. Mobile equipment with similar am- perage outputs is available for field examina- tion of heavy structures, such as landing gear cylinders and axles. Small parts and local areas of large components can be adequately checked with the use of small, inexpensive permanent magnets or electromagnetic yokes. In procuring magnetizing equipment, the maximum rated output should be greater than the required examination amperage. Actual current flow through a complex part may be reduced as much as 20 percent by the resis- tance load of the rated output. 5-44. MATERIALS USED IN MAG- NETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION. The particles used in magnetic particle inspection are finely divided ferro-magnetic materials that have been treated with color or fluorescent dyes to improve visibility against the various surface backgrounds of the parts under inspec- tion. Magnetic particles, particle-suspension vehicles, and cleaners are required for con- ducting magnetic particle inspection. Re- quirements for magnetic particle inspec- tion materials, other than cleaners, are con- tained in the aerospace industry standard, ASTM-E1444, Inspection, Magnetic Particle (as revised). A certification statement which will certify that the material meets applicable specification requirements will generally be received when a magnetic particle inspection material is purchased. Magnetic particle in- spection materials for use on a specific part or component will generally be specified by the aircraft or component manufacturer or the FAA in documents such as; maintenance or overhaul manuals, AD’s, SSID’s, or manufac- turer’s SB’s. However, if the magnetic parti- cle inspection materials are not specified for the specific part or component to be inspected, it is recommended that personnel use materials meeting the aircraft or component manufactur- ers’ specifications or materials meeting the re- quirements of ASTM-E1444. Other FAA en- gineering-approved materials may also be used. Table 5-2 provides a partial listing of commonly accepted standards and specifica- tions for magnetic particle inspection. Page 5-20 Par 5-41PDF Image | AFS-640
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