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9/27/01 AC 43.13-1B CHG 1 4-74. GENERAL. This section covers weld repairs to aircraft and component parts only. Observe the following procedures when using such equipment as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), plasma arc welding, and oxyacetylene gas welding. When repairs of any of these flight-critical parts are required, it is extremely important to make the weld repairs equal to the original weld. Identifying the kind of metal to be welded, identifying the kind of welding pro cess used in building the part originally, and determining the best way to make welded re pairs are of utmost importance. a. Welding is one of the three commonly used methods of joining metals without the use of fasteners. Welding is done by melting the edges of two pieces of metal to be joined and allowing the molten material to flow together so the two pieces will become one. b. Brazing is similar to welding in that heat is used to join the material; but rather than melting, the metal is heated only enough to melt a brazing rod having a much lower melt ing point. When this brazing rod melts, it wets the surfaces to be joined, and when it cools and solidifies, it bonds the pieces together. c. Soldering is similar to brazing except that brazing materials normally melt at tempera tures above 425 °C (800 °F), while solders melt at temperatures considerably lower. d. The next step in making airworthy weld repairs is to decide the best process to use, considering the available state-of-the-art welding equipment, and then deciding the cor rect weld-filler material to use. Before any weld repairs can be made, the metal parts to be welded must be cleaned properly, fitted and jigged properly, and all defective welds must be removed to prepare for an aircraft quality weld repair. e. Finally, after the weld is completed, the weld must be inspected for defects. All these things are necessary in order to make an air worthy weld repair. f. Aircraft welding Qualifications. Four groups of metals a person can be certified and qualified to use are: SECTION 5. WELDING AND BRAZING (1) (2) (3) (4) g. h. Most large business or agencies conduct their own certification tests, or they have an outside testing lab validate the certification tests. 4-75. EQUIPMENT SELECTION. Use the welding equipment manufacturer’s infor mation to determine if the equipment will sat isfy the requirements for the type of welding operation being undertaken. Disregarding such detailed operating instructions may cause substandard welds. For example, when using GTAW equipment, a weld can be contami nated with tungsten if the proper size electrode is not used when welding with direct current reverse polarity. Another example, the deple tion of the inert gas supply below the critical level causes a reduction in the gas flow and will increase the danger of atmospheric con tamination. (a) Electric welding equipment versatility requires careful selection of the type current and polarity to b used. Since the composition and thickness of metals are deciding Group 1, 4130 Steel. Group 2, Stainless Steel. Group 3, Aluminum Group 4, Titanium. For other group listing of metal the welder may qualify, refer to Mil-Std-1595A. Par 4-74 Page 4-53PDF Image | AFS-640
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