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AC 43.13-1B 9/8/98 (2) Hand sew, with plain overthrow or baseball stitches at a minimum of four stitches per inch, or permanent tacking, to the point where uncut fabric or a machine-sewn seam is reached. Lock hand sewing at a maximum of 10 stitch intervals with a double half hitch, and tie off the end stitch with a double half hitch. At the point where the hand-sewing or permanent tacking is necessary, cut the fabric so that it can be doubled under a minimum of 3/8 inch before sewing or permanent tacking is performed. (See figure 2-2.) (3) After hand sewing is complete, any temporary tacks used to secure the fabric over wood structures may be removed. (4) Cover a sewn spanwise seam on a wing’s leading edge with a minimum 4-inch wide pinked-edged surface tape with the tape centered on the seam. (5) Cover a spanwise-sewn seam at the wing trailing edge with pinked-edge surface tape that is at least 3 inches wide. For aircraft with never-exceed speeds in excess of 200 mph, cut V notches at least 1 inch in depth and 1/4 inch in width in both edges of the sur face tape when used to cover spanwise seams on trailing edges of control surfaces. Space notches at intervals not exceeding 6 inches. On tape less than 3 inches wide, the notches should be 1/3 the tape width. In the event the surface tape begins to separate because of poor adhesion or other causes, the tape will tear at a notched section, thus preventing progressive loosening of the entire length of the tape which could seriously affect the controllability of the aircraft. A loose tape acts as a trim tab only on a movable surface. It becomes a spoiler on a fixed surface and has no effect at the trailing edge other than drag. (6) Make spanwise-sewn seams on the wing’s upper or lower surfaces in a manner that will minimize any protrusions. Cover the seams with finishing tape at least 3 inches wide, centering the tape on the seam. (7) Sewn seams parallel to the line of flight (chordwise) may be located over ribs. However, careful attention must be given to avoid damage to the seam threads by rib lace needles, screws, rivets, or wire clips that are used to attach the fabric to the rib. Cover chordwise seams with a finishing tape at least 3 inches wide with the tape centered on the seam. b. Doped Seams. (1) For an overlapped and doped span- wise seam on a wing’s leading edge, overlap the fabric at least 4 inches and cover with fin ishing tape at least 4 inches wide, with the tape centered at the outside edge of the overlap seam. (2) For an overlapped and doped span- wise seam at the trailing edge, lap the fabric at least 3 inches and cover with pinked-edge sur face tape at least 4 inches wide, with the tape centered on the outside edge of the overlap seam. (3) For an overlapped and doped seam on wingtips, wing butts, perimeters of wing control surfaces, perimeters of empennage sur faces, and all fuselage areas, overlap the fabric 2 inches and cover with a finishing tape that is at least 3 inches wide, centered on the outside edge of the overlap seam. (4) For an overlapped and doped seam on a wing’s leading edge, on aircraft with a velocity never exceed (Vne) speed up to and including 150 mph, overlap the fabric 2 inches and cover with a finishing tape that is at least 3 inches wide, with the tape centered on the outside edge of the overlap seam. Page 2-6 Par 2-7PDF Image | AFS-640
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