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combustion, see equation (5.8.10). The generator is modelled through a torque that is put on the shaft of the compressor and the turbine, see equation (5.10.2). 7.1 Static verification The values of the model are very close to the data from DSA. The average errors of the variables at the different loads are 0.6%, 1.2% and 1.1% for the 100 kW, 70 kW and 50 kW case respectively. The emphasis in this thesis has been on the complete model of the microturbine over accurate submodels of individual components, in order to get a complete model running early in the project. 7.2 Dynamic verification The model shows a great similarity with the measured values from the real microturbine. The task of tuning a dynamic model is an incredible difficult task, since there are a vast number of parameters with strong coupling effects to each other. As discussed earlier, the verification should be done in open loop simulations, so that differences in the control system models would not affect the results. I have chosen the verification simulations, so that as much as possible of the dynamics of the model should be verified. Still there are more verification simulations to be done if one wants to cover all possible operations and if the dynamics should be verified beyond reasonable doubt, then system identification must be made on the microturbine. 7.3 Valid operating ranges for the model One of the most important things to know about a model is not exactly how accurate it is, but in which areas it is verified and validated. All the components have a range of operation and the limiting components are listed below. The medium used is a mixture of carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen and nitrogen. The data that gives the thermodynamic property of a substance is valid at temperatures from 200 K up to 6000 K. The water vapor model does not handle the condensation of water in the fog region for temperatures below the dew point temperature, but the compressor quickly heats the gas so the possible effect can be neglected. The compressor and turbine data implemented in the model cover speeds from 74 000 rpm down to 21 000 rpm and 30 000 rpm respectively. The model should therefore not be used under 30 000 rpm, even though it is numerically possible to simulate the microturbine down to 15 000 rpm. Between 30 000 rpm and 15 000 rpm the model have a behavior that resembles a gas turbine, but the results should used with great caution. The model is statically verified down to 50 kW part load with high accuracy. It is very likely that the model has an acceptable accuracy even down to 30 kW part load. 8. Possible Applications and Future Work A model is never perfect. There are always things to be improved, but there is also a trade-off between time spent on a component and the component’s functionality and value in the model. The same reason goes for more detailed modelling. A functional model as been developed and the model can surely be made more detailed, but the question is, is it worth the extra time spent? If it is, then one might do it later when the need arises. But the most important thing is to get a complete model running and then choose what part we want to study further. 52PDF Image | Modelling of Microturbine Systems
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