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Model error Schematic figure of a counterflow heat exchanger n = 3 Hot gas Cold air 0L/3 L Figure 24: A schematic sketch of a counterflow heat exchanger with n = 3 Temperature Discretisations Length of Heat Exchanger 2L/3 A third heat exchanger model is used to model the heat storage and transfer that occurs in the turbine rotor and turbine diffuser, as described in section 3.2. By adjusting the parameters of the extra heat exchanger model, the complete microturbine model received similar dynamics from TIT to TOT as can be seen in the real microturbine, see the dynamic verification section. Since almost all heat exchange is between the flue gas and the metal of the turbine and just a very small part of this continues to the compressed air, the heat convection coefficient is high on the flue gas side and very small on the air side. Therefore the heat exchanger has no static heat transfer at steady state, but only a dynamic effect at sudden load changes. The values of the different parameters in the heat exchanger models are taken from the real machine, but some of them, e.g. the geometry and the convective heat transfer coefficient α need to be adjusted before being used in the simulation model. Even though the geometry of the heat exchanger model does not exactly look like the real recuperator, the volume and heat loss area are the same. With a given volume, a reasonable diameter and length is used. To compensate for model errors due to discretisations effects and the fact that there are cross flows instead of counter flows at the ends of the recuperator, the constant value of the heat transfer coefficient is manually adjusted. The value is adjusted so that the performance of the heat exchanger model fits the steady state data of the real recuperator. 5.8 The combustion chamber In this section I will describe the theory and equations of the combustion chamber. For more theory on this topic, see Cengel (1998). The model of the combustion chamber is taken from Perez (2001), where a complete set of equations for all components in natural gas can be found. For simplicity, only equations for one component of natural gas, methane, will be derived. The equations for the other hydrocarbon fuels are similar, but with different numbers. The combustion chamber is a reacting system compared to the compressor and other components, which were non-reacting. We therefore need to use the notion of chemical internal energy, which is associated with the destruction and formation of chemical bonds between atoms. In a gas 38PDF Image | Modelling of Microturbine Systems
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