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1. One unified library both for lumped and distributed parameter models, 2. separation of the medium models, which can be selected through class parameters, 3. both bi- and unidirectional flows are supported and 4. assumptions (e.g. if gravity influence should be modelled) can be selected by the user from user inputs. The three major atomic parts of the library are: Control Volumes (CV) have a finite volume and are storages for mass and energy. The CV can be either lumped or discretisised in space. Lumped Flow Models (FM) are the results of a modelling abstraction, where the volume is neglected, e.g. in valves and compressors. Algebraic equations relate variables, e.g. the pressure drop and mass flow. Dynamic Flow Models (also abbreviated FM) can also calculate the storage of momentum in a control volume. In combination with thermal models, dynamic flow models are only used when the focus is on very fast transients like emergency shutdowns and the change of momentum is of importance. The lumped flow models are used, when the emphasis is on slow thermal applications, as e.g. the temperature in heat exchangers. In the model of the T100 microturbine lumped flow models are used, since the main issue is normal power production and the corresponding thermal variables. ( q , m& ) (p,h,ρ,T,s,κ) Figure 11: Interaction between control volume and flow model with flow connectors, Perez (2001). Between the atomic parts, there are flow connectors (the diamond shape blocks in figure 11). To be able to evaluate the thermodynamic variables it is necessary to alternate control volumes and flow models after each other. A complete description of the sequence of calculation will be given in the end of this chapter. To fully understand the model and how to use it, it is also essential to understand what the connectors really show and where its properties come from. All values of the transported properties in a control volume are mean values for the whole control volume. This means that the temperature at the inflow connector of the CV is the same as at the outflow connector, i.e. the mean value of the whole control volume. As mentioned above, this holds for all transported properties like density, enthalpy and entropy etc. In order to get the true temperature of the inflow side of the control volume we have to use the flow variables m& and qconv. A misunderstanding can easily be made; at the outflow connector of a flow model, the temperature shown is the mean temperature of the following control volume, not the actual temperature, which is hidden in the mentioned flow variables. Flow Model Control V olume 19PDF Image | Modelling of Microturbine Systems
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