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Figure 4: An ideal Brayton cycle with a regenerator, Cengel (1998) In larger gas turbines there are additional possible stages, as for example intercooling and two stage expansion and compression. These stages will increase the total efficiency, but will make the gas turbine more expensive to manufacture and more complex. For smaller gas turbines these additional features usually do not pay off. 3. The T100 microturbine system In this chapter I will describe the T100 microturbine and explain some special features that make it different from normal gas turbines. 3.1 The T100 microturbine The microturbine T100 is a power generation system that is based on a combination of a small gas turbine and a directly driven high-speed generator. The generator is placed on the same shaft as the compressor and the turbine. No gearbox is therefore needed and the system uses only two bearings, reducing the friction losses to a minimum. The microturbine technology is described in Malmquist (1999). The design of Turbec’s microturbine has emphasized simplicity, small-scale, security and reliability. The pressure ratio over the compressor is low, around 4, compared to other gas turbines. This is one reason why it is called a microturbine. Another reason is the actual physical size. The compressor and the turbine are 0.15 m in diameter and the entire enclosure is only 2.92 x 1.90 x 0.87 meters. This makes installation very easy e.g. in a normal basement. The power output 100 kW is chosen to fit a market demand, which corresponds to hotels, green houses, sport facilities and wastewater treatment plants. If the demand increases over time, another T100 microturbine can be installed. The electricity created by the high-speed generator is converted into AC voltage with a constant frequency by a power converter that is a part of the power electronics. The power electronics control the electric variables of the microturbine and the machine can readily be connected to the power grid. The microturbine uses a combustor that normally runs on natural gas but it can be modified to accept various fuels such as diesel, kerosene, ethanol, and bio gas. 12 Figure 5: The T100 microturbine, (Turbec AB)PDF Image | Modelling of Microturbine Systems
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