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9th International Conference on Compressors and their Systems IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 90 (2015) 012062 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/90/1/012062 The microturbine should offer a solution to those who produce steam at medium pressure up to 20 BarG before reducing it through a pressure reducing valve to a lower pressure, typically between 1BarG and 4BarG for use. The target flow range for the application was 1,000 kg/h to 4,000 kg/h. The unit would be likely to be installed near a steam using process, driving the decision to specify the operating ambient temperature for the unit at 40°C. A self-contained air cooling system was required to maximise installation flexibility. The package should allow ducting of cooling air to the machine. The steam quality and pressure ranges were specified to embrace the widest range of applications with the steam quality being dry saturated. Wet steam provides a significant challenge for this type of high speed machine and it was accepted that the machine should be preceded by a separator to protect the rotating parts from damage by ‘slugs’ of water. Most importantly, the machine should be able to produce the maximum amount of energy from the widest range of steam supply and exhaust pressures. This was to embrace not only a wide range of applications but also large variations in steam flow rates. A high speed machine with the turbine and generator on a single shaft was specified to provide an efficient solution with few moving parts having, inherently, low maintenance requirements and few wearing components. 2.2 Efficiency Targets The generation efficiency of the unit must be high for the system to provide an attractive investment for a steam user. The use of the downstream steam by a process means that the outlet steam is not a loss from the system, giving more efficient electricity generation than a condensing turbine. Generating efficiency is the electricity generated, divided by the energy input that is used to perform this generation, and figures in excess of 70% are expected from the steam microturbine. To realise this, any losses of steam from the system must be minimised as they significantly affect efficiency making effective sealing paramount. A maximum steam loss of 2% of the mass flow rate through the microturbine was specified. Losses in the conversion process through the generator and inverters must also be minimised along with loads from ancillary equipment in the package, for example cooling fans and pumps. 2.3 Physical Requirements Steam pressure reduction usually occurs near the point of use. The Spirax Sarco TurboPower is intended to be used at pressure reducing stations rather than in the boiler house. This presents a challenge as space and access is often restricted at these locations, and it is likely that there will be people working nearby. This means that the unit has to be compact and easily transportable by forklift or pallet truck, should fit through standard size double doors and be quiet enough not to necessitate hearing protection when working nearby. 2.4 Legislation Requirements The machine was specified to comply with European legislation with easy adaptation to global requirements. Within the UK, the connection of generation devices to the National Grid is subject to regulation. If the current is greater than 16A per phase, the requirements of the Energy Networks Association Engineering Recommendation G59/2 “Recommendations for the Connection of Generating Plant to the Distribution Systems of Licensed Distribution Network Operators (DNOs)” [3] must be met before connecting to the network. Requirements outside of the UK vary, but it is common to find similar requirements to those of G59/2. 3PDF Image | IOP Science The Development of a Small High Speed Steam Microturbine Generator System
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