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PDF Text: Most manufacturers offer service contracts that cover scheduled and unscheduled events. The cost of full service contracts covers the inspections and component replacements outlined above, including the major overhaul. Full service costs vary according to fuel type and service as shown in Table 3. Table 3. Typical Microturbine Maintenance Costs* *Based on full service maintenance contracts provided by the manufacturer Source: EEA/ICF A major overhaul is required every 30,000 to 40,000 turbine run hours depending on technology and service. A typical overhaul consists of replacing the main shaft with the compressor and turbine attached, and inspecting and if necessary replacing the combustor. At the time of the overhaul, other components are examined to determine if wear has occurred, with replacements made as required. The cost of a major overhaul can range from $550 to $800/kW if conducted as a separate cost item. Maintenance requirements can be affected by fuel type and site conditions. Waste gas and liquid fuel applications may require more frequent inspections and component replacement than natural gas systems. Microturbines operating in dusty and/or dirty environments require more frequent inspections and filter replacements. Fuels Microturbines have been designed to use natural gas as their primary fuel. However, they are Cost Component System 1 System 2 System 3 Nominal Capacity (kW) O&M Costs – Service Contract, $/kW 30 $0.015 - $0.025 65 $0.013 - $0.022 250 $0.012 - $0.020 able to • • • • • operate on a variety of fuels, including: Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) – propane and butane mixtures Sour gas – unprocessed natural gas as it comes directly from the gas well Biogas – any of the combustible gases produced from biological degradation of organic wastes, such as landfill gas, sewage digester gas, and animal waste digester gas Industrial waste gases – flare gases and process off-gases from refineries, chemical plants and steel mill Manufactured gases – typically low- and medium-Btu gas produced as products of gasification or pyrolysis processes Contaminants are a concern with some waste fuels, specifically acid gas components (H2S, halogen acids, HCN; ammonia; salts and metal-containing compounds; organic halogen-, sulfur- , nitrogen-, and silicon-containing compounds); and oils. In combustion, halogen and sulfur compounds form halogen acids, SO2, some SO3 and possibly H2SO4 emissions. The acids can also corrode downstream equipment. A substantial fraction of any fuel nitrogen oxidizes into NOx in combustion. Solid particulates must be kept to low concentrations to prevent corrosion Technology Characterization 19 Microturbines

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