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Federal Technology Alert ambient temperature, and HRU water flow rate. The turbine exhaust gas was at a temperature of ~275oC (~527oF) entering the HRU and ~124oC (~255oF) leaving the HRU. The ratio of the IFDD LC to the total energy input is the LCOP. The total energy input to the IFDD includes the HRU input on the regeneration heating coil side and electrical parasitics, such as the energy use of the desiccant wheel motor, fans, and electronics. The overall IES efficiency is defined as the ratio of the sum of the net electric power output of the MTG and the LC of the IFDD to the total energy input. The net electrical power output of the MTG consists of the total power generated by the MTG minus the auxiliary power consumed by the IES. The total energy input to the IES includes the gas input to the MTG (based on the higher heating value or HHV of natural gas) and the electrical parasitics (all the power used by the fans, pumps, and electronics of the MTG, HRU, and IFDD). The test results reported were for MTG net power output varying from 10 to 25 kW. The upper limit was again con strained by ambient conditions. Other test parameters included HRU flow rate of ~5.8 m3/h (~26 gpm), IFDD dry-/ wet-bulb temperature at process and re generation inlet of 35oC/24oC (95oF/ 75oF), process/regeneration air flow rate of 76.5 m3/min (2,700 scfm) and IFDD desiccant wheel speed of 58 rph.6 The LC and LCOP as a function of the MTG power output is shown in Fig. 15.6 The results indicate that the LC of the IFDD increases with an increase in the MTG output. An increase in MTG output from 10 to 25 kW resulted in an Fig. 14. Efficiencies of microturbine (MTG) and IES. (Source: “CHP Integration (OR IES): Maximizing the Efficiency of Distributed Generation with Waste Heat Recovery,” Proceedings of the Power Systems 2003 Conference, Clemson, SC, March 2003.) increase in the observed LC from ~11.1 kW to ~18.8 kW (~38,000 Btu/h to ~64,000 Btu/h). The LCOP was observed to increase from a minimum of ~46% at a power output of 10 kW to a maximum of ~54% at a power outputs of 15 and 20 kW and decreased to ~51% at a power output of 25 kW. The decrease in LCOP at 25 kW is attributed to the impact of ambient temperature on the operating parameters of the MTG and the heat recovery equipment, as discussed in Sect. 3.4. These test runs were performed at ambient temperatures ranging from 25oC to 30oC (77oF to 86oF). The effect of the MTG output on the overall IES efficiency is shown in Fig. 16. For comparison, Fig. 16 also shows the effect of the MTG output on the individual unit’s efficiency and the combined MTG and HRU efficiency. The combined MTG and HRU efficiency is the efficiency of the IES without the IFDD.6 Regarding the efficiencies, the effect of power output is much less pronounced than with the LCOP. After an MTG output of 20 kW, the IES efficiencies start to fall. Analysis of Fig. 16 shows that the addition of the IFDD to the IES system does not increase its overall efficiency: it drops from 53% (MTG + HRU system) to 34% (MTG + HRU + IFDD system). The drop in efficiency is believed to be due to the parasitic losses in the IFDD. 5.3 ABSORPTION CHILLER6 A series of tests were performed on an IES configuration consisting of an MTG, an air-to-water HRU, and a single-effect lithium-bromide/water (LiBr/water) absorption chiller (ABSC). In this arrangement, the MTG’s exhaust gas passes through the HRU, generating hot water that is directed to the AC’s generator. When the MTG is located outdoors, as in this case, FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM –– 17PDF Image | Summary of Results from Testing a 30-kW-Microturbine and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System
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