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Federal Technology Alert Fig. 11. Experimental setup for baseline testing microturbine. (Source: “Experimental and Theoretical Study of Gas Micro-turbine-Based BCHP System,” Proceedings of the 2001 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, AES-23622, New York, NY, November 2001.) back pressure varied from 8.34 × 10–4 atm to 1.8 × 10–2 atm (0.34 to 7.34 in. water column). During these tests, the microturbine’s controller adjusted the engine speed to match the power demand setting as closely as possible with or without the back-pressure. The results for damper at the full open and 3/8 closed positions are presented in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. The turbine inlet air temperature is not controlled but dictated by ambient temperature and, as noted in Sect. 3.4, the turbine speed is increased to compensate for increases in ambient temperature. Therefore, the rpm increase observed between Tables 2 and 3 is dependent on both increased ambient temperature and increased back- pressure. Since the engine speed could adjust and compensate for the back pressure and ambient temperature increases, the power output and efficiency at corresponding output power demands were not significantly affected. In order to show the reproducibility of the measured data, the tests with the damper fully open were repeated for the power demand setting of 20 kW. The observed relative power output and efficiency percentage differences were less than 0.3%. 4.2 CONSTANT ENGINE SPEED Another series of tests were conducted while the microturbine was maintained at approximately constant engine speed and the back-pressure was varied for each nominal power output. Table 4 shows the results at full power demand of 30 kW only. At the full power demand and approximately constant engine speed, as the back-pres sure was increased from approximately 8.00 × 10–4 to 1.72 × 10–2 atm (0.33 to 6.99 in. water column), the average turbine efficiency dropped by less than 2%, and the average turbine power output decreased by less than 6% of the values with damper fully open. 5. HEAT RECOVERY AND CHP EFFICIENCY On-site distributed generation (DG), as part of an integrated energy system (IES), allows the waste heat from fuel- fired DG sources to be used to meet the end user’s thermal loads and sub stantially improve overall system energy efficiency and fuel economy. As discussed in Sect. 1, the IES Test Laboratory at ORNL allows configuration of DG with various heat recovery units (presently an air-to-water HRU, direct- and indirect- fired desiccant dehumidification systems, and an indirect-fired, single-effect absorption chiller) in order to test the Table 2. Capstone 30-kW microturbine with damper fully open (Ref. 3) 12–– FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM .PDF Image | Summary of Results from Testing a 30-kW-Microturbine and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System
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