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structure. State and local amendments may expand the scope of the national models to include such specific issues as emissions, air quality, noise levels, and other siting concerns. Model codes are important because they form the basis for the vast majority of federal, state, and local building construction regulations in the U.S. New York state and city, Wisconsin, Chicago, and Dade and Broward Counties in Florida are a few government entities that continue to write their own codes. There are over 44,000 jurisdictions (county, city) in the U.S. that could adopt and enforce codes. Even at the state level (about 25 states have statewide codes) writing and maintaining a building code is a time-consuming process. The model codes provide efficiency and uniformity for these potential “customers.”. A code mandate to install specific devices (i.e., smoke detectors) can have a profound impact on product sales for a particular industry. Conversely, excessive installation and test criteria within a code, for certain products or equipment, can have the opposite negative impact on an industry. 2.2.1 Types of Model Codes Building construction regulations provide the minimum requirements that a building and its systems, materials, and equipment must meet, and may vary by county, state or federal jurisdiction. The charter of building codes is to “safeguard life or limb, health (occasionally property), and public welfare by regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of materials, use and occupancy location and maintenance of all buildings and structures and certain equipment specifically regulated” [Uniform Building Code (ICBO), International Conference of Building Officials (1997)]. 2.2.2 Model Building Code Developers Historically, model building codes were developed by three regional organizations outlined below: ICBO, BOCA, and SBCCI. The three regional model codes often had overlapping and contradictory building requirements, increasing the difficulties developers faced in managing production and equipment acquisition costs. In the 1994 the three model code groups agreed to work cooperatively within a single code organization to develop national building guidelines (see ‘ICC’ below). As previously noted, the NFPA also develops documents that employ “code language” and as such could be classified as “model codes”. Because these documents are developed by a standards organization, they are not thought of as model codes even though they are formatted, adopted, and used in much the same way as model codes. NFPA 70 and 54 (National Electric Code and National Fuel Gas code) are two examples. 2.8PDF Image | PNNL 13277
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