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METHANE RECOVERY FROM ANIMAL MANURES: THE CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES CASEBOOK Access port to first U.S. farm digester; the system was installed for odor control A new system was needed that would deodorize the manure all year and allow it to be spread according to the farm’s schedule during good weather. With the assistance of the County Extension Service and others, Harold “Wiz” McCabe found what appeared to be a satisfactory solution in a theoretical article describing the AD of swine manure. The process promised to provide a gas that could be easily disposed of and would produce a stabilized sludge that could be spread anywhere. “Wiz” was an innovator and master mechanic, and he took a crash course in the design and construction of a complete-mix anaerobic digester. It took 2 years to locate and install the reactor, fabricate heat exchangers from old dairy equipment, convert an old dairy 10-horsepower upright boiler to operate on both biogas and propane, install the necessary control and safety equipment, and put all the pieces together. In early May 1972, the digester was seeded with 6,000 gallons (gal) of sludge from the town’s municipal waste digester and two hours of manure flow from the swine facility. Over the next few days, digester seeding continued on a planned schedule. On 10 May, the fifth day after digester inoculation, excess biogas tripped a relief valve and the first farm-based digester in the United States came to life. During the energy crises of the mid- and late 1970s, the search for alternative energy resources led to investigation of small- and medium-scale anaerobic digesters developed in India and China to determine whether these technologies were directly transferable to farms in the United States. Unfortunately, although these technologies are useful in providing fuel for cooking and lighting in developing economies, most are much too small to be useful to most American farmers. For example, the typical small-scale digester daily produces about the same amount of energy as 10 contained in 1 gal of propane. The greater energy requirements of the larger American livestock operations led to the design and installation of several demonstration projects that transferred state-of-the-art sewage treatment plant technology to the farm. Although complete-mix digesters can operate in the thermophilic temperature range, the demonstration projects at facilities such as the Washington State Dairy 11 Farm in Monroe operated only in the mesophilic temperature range. At the Monroe project the digester was sized for the manure volume produced by a milking herd of 180-200 Holstein cows. Although these first-generation complete-mix digesters generally produced biogas at the target design rate, they suffered from high capital costs and significant O&M requirements. In practical 10 Ranier, MD: VITA. Volunteers in Technical Assistance (1979). Design and Construction of a Three-Meter Anaerobic Digester. Mt 11 Digester.” Chapter 6 in Biogas and Alcohol Fuels Production. Emmaus, PA: The JG Press. Coppinger, E. et al. (1980). “Economics and Operational Experience of a Full-Scale Anaerobic Dairy Manure 2-6PDF Image | Methane Recovery from Animal Manures The Current Opportunities Casebook
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